In dit document vind je aantekeningen van alle colleges voor het eerste deeltentamen van Leren en Geheugen.
Bij sommige colleges staat wat extra info die ik uit het boek heb gehaald, maar dit is niet compleet. Zorg dus dat je zelf het boek nog leest als je dat wil.
Succes!
Samenvatting Learning and Memory - Learning, Remembering and Forgetting (SOW-PSB3BC40E)
IPN1028 Learning and memory complete summary!
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Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
Psychobiologie
Leren en geheugen (5102LEGE9Y)
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Hoorcollege 1: Introductie (30-10, Krugers) ............................................................................................ 4
Introductie ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Fundamentele thema’s in de psychologie van leren en geheugen ..................................................... 6
1. Filosofie en het vroege denken over leren en geheugen (~400 BC – 1880) ............................ 6
2. De start van de moderne en experimentele psychologie (1880 – 1920) ................................ 6
3. Behaviorisme ........................................................................................................................... 7
4. Cognitivisme: de cognitieve benadering (~1950 – heden) ...................................................... 8
Lange termijngeheugen ................................................................................................................... 9
Modellen van het geheugen ............................................................................................................ 9
Overzicht cursus ................................................................................................................................ 10
Hoorcollege 2: Herhalende Gebeurtenissen (01-11, De Gee) ............................................................... 11
Korte aantekeningen van het boek.................................................................................................... 11
Habituatie ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Sensitisatie ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Impliciet geheugen ............................................................................................................................ 13
Habituatie ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Sensitisatie ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Priming .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Perceptueel leren .......................................................................................................................... 19
Objectherkenning .......................................................................................................................... 21
Ruimtelijk leren en geheugen ........................................................................................................ 22
Hoorcollege 3: Vaardigheden (02-11, De Gee) ...................................................................................... 24
Korte aantekeningen boek ................................................................................................................ 24
Procedureel geheugen ...................................................................................................................... 26
Testen van vaardigheden ................................................................................................................... 26
Practise makes perfect .................................................................................................................. 27
Power law of learning .................................................................................................................... 28
Spreiding in oefenmomenten ........................................................................................................ 28
Impliciet leren versus expliciet leren ................................................................................................. 29
Van vaardigheid naar gewoonte .................................................................................................... 29
Onthouden en vergeten ................................................................................................................ 29
Leren en geheugen voor vaardigheden in de hersenen .................................................................... 31
Striatum ......................................................................................................................................... 31
(Pre-motor) cortex ......................................................................................................................... 32
, Cerebellum .................................................................................................................................... 33
Samenvatting ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Hoorcollege 4: Conditionering (03-11, De Gee) .................................................................................... 35
Klassieke conditionering .................................................................................................................... 36
Aversieve klassieke conditionering ................................................................................................ 36
Rescorla-Wagner model ................................................................................................................ 40
Latent inhibition ............................................................................................................................ 42
Cerebellum en eye-blink conditionering ....................................................................................... 43
Samenvatting klassieke conditionering ......................................................................................... 45
Operante conditionering ................................................................................................................... 45
Reinforcers en punishers ............................................................................................................... 45
Orbitofrontale cortex en operante conditionering........................................................................ 47
Samenvatting operante conditionering ......................................................................................... 48
Hoorcollege 5: Synaptische Plasticiteit 1 - LTP (06-11, Kessels) ........................................................... 49
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Hebb’s regel ....................................................................................................................................... 49
Long Term Potentiation ..................................................................................................................... 52
Paradigma’s voor LTP inductie ....................................................................................................... 52
LTP op synapsniveau ...................................................................................................................... 53
NMDA subunits.............................................................................................................................. 57
AMPA-receptoren .......................................................................................................................... 59
Fear conditioning en LTP ................................................................................................................... 60
Fases in LTP ........................................................................................................................................ 63
Hoorcollege 6: Synaptische Plasticiteit 2 - LTD (08-11, Kessels) ............................................................ 66
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 66
Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) ............................................................................................ 66
Spike Timing Dependent LTD ......................................................................................................... 67
Post-synaptische Long-Term Depression (LTD) .................................................................................. 69
NMDA receptoren en LTD .............................................................................................................. 70
Fysiologische rol van LTD ............................................................................................................... 74
Nabavi et al. ‘Engineering a memory with LTD and LTP’ ................................................................... 75
Hoorcollege 7: Coderen van Geheugen (09-11, Krugers) ...................................................................... 81
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 81
‘Niet alle cellen nemen deel aan het geheugen.’ .............................................................................. 82
Inhibitory avoidance learning ........................................................................................................ 82
Engram cellen .................................................................................................................................... 84
, Geactiveerde neuronen zichtbaar maken (markers) ..................................................................... 84
CREB en leren en geheugen........................................................................................................... 85
Zijn ‘engram cellen’ essentieel voor het geheugen? ..................................................................... 87
Moleculaire biologie, optogenetica en gedrag .................................................................................. 88
Optogenetica in geheugencellen ................................................................................................... 89
Eigenschappen van engram cellen ................................................................................................ 91
Alzheimer muizen .......................................................................................................................... 91
Hoorcollege 8: Neurale Netwerk Modellen 1 (13-11, Meijas) .............................................................. 92
Introductie ......................................................................................................................................... 92
Waarom hebben we computationele wetenschap en modellen? ................................................ 92
Modellen van neuronen .................................................................................................................... 92
Hodgkin-Huxley model .................................................................................................................. 92
Gesimplificeerde modellen: Izhikevich neuron model .................................................................. 93
Nog meer gesimplificeerd: Leaky Integrate-and Fire (LIF) neuron model ..................................... 95
Netwerken ......................................................................................................................................... 97
LIF netwerken ................................................................................................................................ 97
Firing rate network model ............................................................................................................. 97
Differentiaalvergelijkingen numeriek oplossen ................................................................................. 97
Hoorcollege 9: Emotioneel Geheugen (14-11, Krugers) ........................................................................ 99
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 99
Emotionele geheugen........................................................................................................................ 99
Neurale circuit van fear conditioning ................................................................................................ 99
.Functionele veranderingen in de amygdala tijdens fear conditioning ....................................... 100
In vivo afleidingen tijdens angstconditionering........................................................................... 101
Angst en angstige herinneringen..................................................................................................... 101
NMDA receptoren ....................................................................................................................... 101
AMPA receptoren ........................................................................................................................ 102
Stress, stresshormonen en geheugen ............................................................................................. 102
Foot shock ................................................................................................................................... 103
Morris Water Maze...................................................................................................................... 103
Hoe bevorderen de hormonen het geheugen? ........................................................................... 104
Herinneringen zijn labiel nadat ze worden opgeroepen ................................................................. 106
, Hoorcollege 1: Introductie (30-10, Krugers)
Gluck, H1: "Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory" : blz 1-30
Gluck, H2: "The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory": blz 45 -46 “Hebbian
Learning ” + blz 58-60 “Searching for memories in the cerebral cortex”.
Introductie
‘Geheugen impliceert een verloop van tijd; daarom hebben alleen dieren die een tijd ervaren een
geheugen en het orgaan waarmee zij tijd waarnemen is ook het orgaan waarmee zij herinneren.’ –
Aristoteles.
Technieken zijn belangrijk om geheugen te bestuderen. Ook modellen worden steeds meer gebruikt.
Definities en geheugen
Leren: Het proces waarbij ervaring / interactie met de omgeving resulteert in verandering in gedrag
Geheugen: Totale pakket aan ervaringen dat is opgeslagen in ons brein (expressie van leren)
Geheugen is niet maar 1 ding:
Er zijn 3 stappen in de verwerking van informatie:
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