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Carbohydrates - Mono/Di-Saccharides
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  • Course
  • Unit 1 - Biological molecules
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  • AQA
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  • AQA Biology A Level Student Book

Covers everything needed for 3.1.2 Carbohydrates from the AQA Spec. Goes over the tests for non-reducing sugars, reducing sugars and starch and also covers monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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Document information

  • November 14, 2023
  • 3
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Susie henson
  • Carbohydrates

Subjects

  • a level biology
  • aqa
  • aqa a level biology
  • biological molecules
  • carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates - Mono/Di -
saccharides

Family of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides - simple sugars with 1
ring or chain; 3, 5 or 6 carbons atoms. For
example: ribose, glucose. fructose.

Disaccharides - sugars with 2 rings of 6
carbon atoms joined by a glycosidic bond
(specific covalent bond). For example:
sucrose, lactose, maltose.

Polysaccharides - macromolecules with
many rings of 6 carbon atoms by glycosidic
bonds. For example: starch, glycogen,
Specification overview of this unit cellulose.




Test for Non-Reducing Sugar:
1) Sample must be in a liquid form. Add 2cm3 of HCl to 2cm3 of the sample and place in a
water bath for 5 minutes. The HCl hydrolysis any disaccharides into monosaccharides.
2) Slowly add Sodium Hydrogencarbonate to neutralise the HCl and test the pH with pH
paper to make sure the solution is alkaline. Benedict’s Reagent doesn’t work in acidic
condition
3) Add the Benedict’s Reagent and place in water bath for 5 minutes. The solution should turn
orange-brown now as reducing sugars have been produced from the hydrolsis of the non-
reducing sugars

Test for Starch:
Add two drops of iodine solution to a sample and if starch is present then it will turn BLUE-
BLACK. Not purple or anything else.

Monosaccharides:



Carbohydrates - Mono/Di - saccharides 1

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