NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Walden University

1. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?: Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis 2. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?: Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 3. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?: Answer: XXY 4. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?: Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease 5. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?: Answer: Expressivity 6. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?: Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. 1 / 8 7. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene: Answer: Autosomal recessive 8. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?- : Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 9. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:: Answer: Sodium 10. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis 11. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?: Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. 12. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromo- some present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.: Answer: Turner syndrome