Summary
Samenvatting Lectures - Talent Development in Sport (BWMIN01)
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Talent Development in SportLecture 1 + 2
Subonderdelen hoorcollege:
1. Talent definition
2. Different models
3. Study designs
Toelichting:
1. What is talent? A talented athlete is a youth athlete who performs better than their peers
during training and competition and has the potential to become an elite athlete in the
future. Some say these talented athletes perform better due to their nature and others say
due to nurture. Nature is what you are born with/genetics these can’t be changed, for
example long legs are beneficial for running. Nurture on the other hand is what is learned by
doing or through the environment. This is why nurture can be changed, due to experience,
practice, etc. Therefore, curiosity and passion are important to have, because it motivates
you to put in the effort. Schwann has created a model, with important factors that determine
if someone has talent. The higher you score on this model, the more talent you have:
2. In this lecture several models are introduced. Below here these models will be discussed:
a. Model van Vaeyens talent must be detected (discovery of potential performers
who are currently not involved in the sport) and steered into the right sport for
them. Then they develop in this sport, get selected, get confirmation and get
identified within this sport. This last part can also go the other way around.
b. Model van Ericsson/Janelle this model states that at a lower level of performance
more athletes participate. When the level gets higher, than less people participate.
For example at an EK or WK there are not a lot of athletes.
c. Model van Cobley/Cooke in this model there are a few different stages of talent
development. In every stage a small group gets identified as a talent and proceeds to
the next stage. Reasons for not getting selected can be injuries, quitting, getting
stuck in a certain level (due to lack of motivation or personal issues).
d. Model van Newell this is a constraint model since it relates to talent identification
and development. Talent is an interaction between 3 constraints:
i. Task = the sport itself and skills needed for this particular sport.
, Talent Development in Sport
ii. Environment = facilities, parents support, coaches, etc.
iii. Individual = dealing with yourself. For example psychological characteristics
such as dealing with stress, rough family situation, losses, etc.
e. Model van Groningen this model adds to the Newell model that maturation,
learning and training also influence performance. Therefore, there can be said that
this model shows the growth of a talented athlete.
3. Acquisition of expertise (kennis en vaardigheden) from individuals develop on different ages.
Therefore it is important to study performance. This can be done in different ways:
a. Retrospective study in this type of study you look back in time and make
comparisons. This can be with certain characteristics in athletes from national teams:
i. Anthropometrical = height, body wight, percentage body fat, etc.
ii. Physiological = aerobic and anaerobic performance
iii. Technique = segment angles
iv. Tactics = pacing strategy
v. Psychological = goal orientation, motivation and self-regulation of learning.
* The psychological characteristics are the most important characteristic in making
it or not.
b. Cross-sectional study in this type of study you look at a certain point in time,
what are the characteristics like (anthropometric). Due to looking at a certain point
in time, you don’t see the development made based on maturation. This can make
you miss somebody who has talent.
c. Longitudinal study following a group of people over a period of time. You see
changes made over time and don’t miss anything this way.
Leerdoelen + uitleg
1. Explain why in a definition of talent, both a youth athlete’s current level of performance and
his/her future level of performance need to be included. Relate this to a sport of your own
choice.
a. A sport develops over time, what is important know to be able to do, may not be
important in 5 years. Also the athletes who perform well now, might not make it to
the top. Take for example the Relative Age Effect, this looks only at the current level
of performance instead of what the athlete can do in future performance. Take for
example
2. Give an example of a design that researchers can use to study talented athletes. In addition,
give two features of your chosen study design.
a.
Belangrijke onderwerpen:
- Modellen - Studie types - Characteristics
o Vaeyens o Longitudinal o Anthropometrical
o Ericsson/Janelle o Retrospective o Physiological
o Cobley/Cooke o Cross-sectional o Technique
o Newell o Tactics
o Groningen o Psychological
- Definitie talent - Definitie talent
- Maturation - Nature vs Nurture -
- Realtive Age Effect -
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