Exam (elaborations)
PECT Prek-4 Module 2 graded A+
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PECT Prek-4 Module 2 graded A+
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PECT Prek-4 Module 2A second-grade teacher uses evidence-based flexible grouping and selects different types of
texts (e.g., decodable texts, leveled texts, chapter books) for different reading groups. These
practices best demonstrate the teacher's awareness of the importance of which of the following
principles of effective beginning reading instruction?
A. exposing students to a variety of text genres
B. accommodating students' diverse linguistic backgrounds and approaches to learning
C. aligning students' reading goals with state standards
D. transitioning students to more challenging texts as they progress in their reading skill - ANSD.
transitioning students to more challenging texts as they progress in their reading skill
This question requires the candidate to demonstrate knowledge of best practices in early and
emergent literacy and reading, including the importance of differentiating literacy instruction to
address individual students' needs and their growing knowledge and skills. Providing early
readers with guided practice reading connected text corresponding to their individual level of
phonics knowledge is essential for promoting their ongoing fluency development.
Evidence-based flexible grouping is the practice of varying the size and composition of
instructional groups according to the goals of instruction and the demonstrated learning needs
of individual students, as evidenced in ongoing informal assessments. Using this approach to
plan reading groups allows the teacher to group together students with similar reading levels for
instruction using a text at an appropriate level of challenge for those students. Furthermore, the
teacher can closely monitor student progress and regularly adjust the composition of groups
and assigned texts, thus transitioning individual students to more challenging texts as they
progress in their reading skills
A first-grade student who demonstrates mastery of phonemic blending is having difficulty
sounding out and blending VC and CVC words in printed word lists and connected text. Based
on this information, the student would probably benefit most from an intervention designed to
improve the student's:
A. development of oral reading fluency.
B. awareness of key concepts of print.
C. letter-sound correspondence skills.
,D. knowledge of high-frequency sight words - ANSC. letter-sound correspondence skills.
This question requires the candidate to apply knowledge of interventions in phonics. Knowledge
of letter-sound correspondences and phonemic blending skills is key for developing the early
phonics skill of sounding out and blending simple, phonically regular VC and CVC words.
Knowledge of letter-sound correspondences is required to decode the component sounds from
the sequence of letters, and skill in phonemic blending is needed to combine the sounds into a
single word. The student described has mastered phonemic blending, so the likely source of the
student's difficulty with this task is in correctly identifying the sounds represented by the letters
in the printed words.
In a fourth-grade class, providing explicit instruction focused on which of the following reading
skills would most directly promote students' evaluative reading comprehension skills?
A. summarizing the main idea of an extended text
B. retrieving information from a text to answer comprehension questions
C. applying background knowledge to visualize processes described in a text
D. distinguishing between fact and opinion in a text - ANSD. distinguishing between fact and
opinion in a text
This question requires the candidate to recognize different levels of comprehension. Readers
exercise evaluative reading comprehension when they apply criteria external to a text to analyze
the text or its content (e.g., evaluating the accuracy of the facts presented, evaluating the
effectiveness of stylistic choices). Authors of informational texts may occasionally identify
personal opinions in the text explicitly. In general, however, readers must consider what they
know about the word meanings (e.g., best, good, disappointing) or what they know about the
world (e.g., whether a particular statement could be verified objectively) in order to distinguish
statements of fact from statements of opinion in these texts
A kindergarten student writes "tdirdmibk" in her journal and tells the teacher she wrote "Today I
rode my bike." The student's writing sample most clearly demonstrates which of the following
milestones essential to spelling development in English?
A. awareness of the alphabetic principle
B. knowledge of print conventions for representing words
C. awareness of morphological structure within words
D. knowledge of syllable juncture - ANSA. awareness of the alphabetic principle
, This question requires the candidate to apply knowledge of assessment in writing skills,
including interpreting the results of assessments. The sequence of letters tdirdmibk in the
student's writing sample corresponds to prominent sounds in the spoken sentence the writing
represents. The letters td correspond to the first sounds in each syllable of the word today; the
letter i represents the word I; the letters rd correspond to the consonant sounds in the word
rode; the letters mi correspond to all the sounds in the word my; and the letters bk represent the
consonant sounds in the word bike. The student's spelling is typical of emergent writers in an
early stage of spelling development, and reflects an awareness of the alphabetic principle—the
understanding that the writing system in English is alphabetic, i.e., that the letters used in written
English represent the component sounds in spoken words
After an extended classroom discussion of the pros and cons of adopting a civic initiative,
students are divided into two relatively equal groups, one of which supports the initiative while
the other has reservations about it. The teacher could best use this situation to demonstrate the
value of which of the following practices?
A. assessing the costs and benefits in group decision making
B. using compromise to resolve conflicts
C. dividing problems into more manageable parts in group decision making
D. using majority rule to resolve conflicts - ANSB. using compromise to resolve conflicts
This question requires the candidate to demonstrate knowledge of ways of actively engaging
children in developing their civic competence. An important responsibility of citizenship is being
able to resolve conflicts in a respectful, nonviolent manner. In the situation described, the class
is divided over the civic initiative, with about half having reservations about it. This presents a
good opportunity to refocus the discussion to a dialog about what types of changes to the civic
initiative might help those students with reservations to be more supportive of it and yet would
still be acceptable to those who support it. While neither side may get 100% of what they want,
the groups can come to a mutually acceptable compromise
Fourth-grade students are working in small groups to create dances to a song they have
chosen. As they work, their teacher makes anecdotal notes on the students' discussions, work
styles, and use of concepts related to movement and choreography that the class has
previously studied. The teacher can best use these notes to accomplish which of the following
goals?
A. establishing the connection between the lesson and state arts standards
B. determining students' final grades for the project
C. planning tasks and questions for an upcoming arts exam
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