WGU D115 Distributed Formative Assessment 3() 100% Accurate

A patient presents to an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) complaining of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and right lower quadrant tenderness. Diagnostic tests reveal deficiencies in folic acid, vitamin D, and calcium. The APRN suspects Crohn disease. What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder? Neutrophil infiltration of the crypts, which causes destructive abscess formation Destruction of mucosal barrier caused by drugs or Helicobacter pylori infection Acid and pepsin in the duodenum penetrating the mucosal barrier, which causes ulceration Decreased mucosal blood flow and hypersecretion of acid caused by overstimulation of the vagal nuclei - ANSWERCrohn disease can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the oropharynx to the perianal area. Diseased segments frequently are separated by intervening normal bowel, leading to the term "skip areas." Inflammation can be transmural, often extending through to the serosa, resulting in sinus tracts or fistula formation. A patient with a history of prostate cancer is admitted with confusion, thirst, nausea, oliguria, and abdominal cramping. The patient has gained 12 lb in the last two weeks. Diagnostics include potassium: 4.1 mEq/L sodium: 118 mEq/L serum osmolality: 272 mOsm/kg H2O increased urine osmolality Which part of the nephron is affected by this endocrine disorder? Distal tubule and collecting duct Proximal tubule and descending loop Glomerular capsule Bowman capsule - ANSWERSyndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is an over secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland due to several reasons, including prostate or renal cancers. When there is an over-secretion of ADH, it causes the distal tubules and collecting duct to reabsorb water and hyper-dilute the serum, causing a decreased serum sodium level, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality. The patient then gains weight from the excess fluid. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is reviewing orders for a patient who passed a calculi, which relieved the condition of compensatory hypertrophy. The APRN is aware that the patient will need to be monitored closely due to a common condition associated with return to bilateral function.