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Study guide 1 Peds - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
Study guide 1 Peds - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing chap 20 & growth and development
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11/19/23, 9:37 AM Study guide 1 Peds - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursingabout:blank 1/13
Study guide 1 Peds Chapt er 20: Caring fo r the developin g child Describe the principles inher ent in the de velopmen tal pr ocess: -Principles of childhood gro wth and devel opment: Although children all gr ow a t different paces and ha ve diff erent strengths a nd weakness. Dev elopmen t occur s in an orderly f ashion and each child should progr ess thr ough pred ictable s tages within a certain time fr ame. oGrowth refers to a continuo us adjustment in siz e. Growth spu rts tend to be followed b y periods of res t because it tak es plenty of ener gy to continue the growth process. The per iods of res t allow the child to mast er their curr ent growth st atus bef ore they spurt in to the next.
oDevelopmen t refers to the ongoing process of a dapting thr oughout the lif e span. oCephalocaudal: deve lopment of the head fir st then progr esses to the toes. oProximodistally: development fr om center to per ipher al.
oGross t o fine motor s kills: Gross motor s kills lik e running , jumping, or riding a
bike. While fine motor skills ar e eating, coloring or butt oning a shirt. oTouchpoints: idea cr eated by T .Barry Braz elton that ar e defined as “in the firs t
three y ears of lif e the child’ s spurts in gr owth resu lt in disruption on the family sy stem” An early touchpoint involves a 4-month old who become s increasingly
awar e of his surroundings. This will disrupt meals be cause baby will search o ut sounds it had heard. It will disrupt sleep because a t night time baby might a waken at nigh t. Periods of reg ression tha t occur just be fore per iods of growth. Brazelton and sparr ow (2002) went on t o dev elop specific aspects about the touchpoints t hat r elated to temper ament, learning, moral developm ent, re lationships, independ ence, and separ ation issues for each of the yea rs from 3-6. Responding t o touchpoints he lp the parent s to help the ch ild to dev elop in a health y manner This sy stem pre tty much supplies the par ents with wha t to e xpect at each developmen tal sta ge so the par ent knows the child mor e than anyone else. Identify and e xplain the theories of gr owth and development:
Growth and de velopmen t theories: explain, describe, and pr edict the various aspects of gr owth
and developmen t. A dev elopment al dom ain allows under standing of the t otal child in r elation to the mind, body and spirit. Gr owth and development r equires energ y, how that child expends that ener gy is dependent on f amily , individual, and social fa ctors. Psychosocial developmen tal theories: -Sigmund freud, ps ychosex ual: focused on the influence of ins tincts. Instincts a re psychose xual in nature, m eaning that a child pr ogresss thr ough developmen tal stages based on r esolution of conflicts surr ounding urg es and rules. 11/19/23, 9:37 AM Study guide 1 Peds - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
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o3 aspects of human per sonality: Id: the emotional part of the per sonality.Presen t at birth and is unregula ted. For inst ance, the inst ant reacts t o a sound automa tically by crying. Id re lies solely on instinct. Ego: develops during the fir st year , separ ates the Id and r eality . Prov ides a sense of identity separa te from other s and promot es the ability f or the child to functio n independently . Supereg o: develops betw een the age of 3-6. Helps r egulat e beha vior, allows us to fit in with society and its e xpectations. Child learns the needs of self and other s. Gives the ch ild a perce ption of self . Learning the diff eren ce between r ight and wr ong. -Erik Erikson; focused on the influence of social inter action. Seven s tages of developm ent, mas tery of a s tage requ ires the indiv idual to find balance betw een two
conflicting v ariables. Each st age repr esents a cr isis that mus t be reso lved to mov e on to the ne xt st age in a health y manner . oTrust v s mistrus t: occurs between birth and 1 y ear. The task f or this stag e is to identify t hat ther e are peop le who can be trust ed to tak e care o f basic needs. The struggle is that t he child must also learn tha t not every one should
be trust ed. Thro ugh trust the child learn t o ha ve co nfidence in per sonal worth and we ll-being with connect edne ss to other s. Failur e to meet this goal leads to hopelessness a nd detachmen t. Signs of f ailure includ e failure t o thrive and att achment issues. Difficulty in trusting is seen in adults who ha ve problems mai ntaining significant r elationships. oAutonom y vs shame and doubt: 1-3 year s of age. The g oal of this st age is f or the child to dev elop independence and self -sufficiency aga inst the predict able sense of uncertainty and misgiving wh en placed in lif e situa tions. This is a time fo r the child to dev elop a can-do attitude about self . Ex. A child want s to pick out their own c lothing. The struggle is the par ents allow t hem to mak e the choice while e xpec ting the outfit to b e socially accepta ble. New found independence is accompanied with new rul es that ca use int ernal conflict. Child mus t dev elop per sonal abilities while dealing with f ears and wishes. The child that has self -doubt lat er in lif e if this is not successfully met.
oInitiativ e vs guilt: 3-6 yea rs old. Task is to dev elop resour cefulness to achiev e and learn new things without r eceiving self-r eproach. It is difficult f or the child wanting t o be independent but also rely ing on parents. Examples of initiativ e: learning songs, jok es, or ga mes. The child f eels confident t o try new
ideas. It is importan t for par ents and t eachers t o encourag e initiativ e to allow child to dev elop purpose. oIndustry vs in feriority: 6-12 ye ars old: The sense of accomplishmen t can be count erbalanced by a sense of inadequacy or inf eriority that comes fr om not succeeding. Industry is ev ident when the child is able t o do homewor k independently and r egulate social beha vior. If the child cannot comple te realis tic expected t asks the f eeling of inf eriority may r esult.
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