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Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)
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  • Microbiology
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  • Microbiology

Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more) first year course at western university. good information. mostly concise. will help past exams. a lot of reading but worth it

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  • November 19, 2023
  • 18
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • biology lesson 4 prokaryotic cells and more
  • first year course at western university good info

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  • Microbiology
  • Microbiology

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wanjirugichia

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11/19/23, 1:29 PM Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)




Prokaryotes cell structure and function

There is tremendous diversity amount the bacteria and archaea
- The domain bacteria contain some of the most studied prokaryotes
o The majority of the 25 phyla of bacteria play a positive role in nature

Figure 4.1: phylogenetic tree of bacteria and archaea




The domain archea contains organisms with diverse physiologies
- Euryarchaeota contain:
o Methanogens (live in anoxic environments)
o Extreme halophiles (salt-lovers)
o Thermoacidophiles (grow at high temperature with low pH)
- Crenarchaeota tend to grow in hot, acidic environments such as hot springs and volcanic
vents




figure 4.20 methanogen




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,11/19/23, 1:29 PM Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)




figure 4.20 hyperthermophile

prokaryotes can be distinguished by their cell shape and arrangements
- Variations in cell shape and cell arrangement exist
o A bacillus is a prokaryotic cell with a rod shape
o A spherical bacterial cell is a coccus
 many cocci and some bacilli appear in groups or chains




- Spiral-shaped bacteria can appear as vibrios (comma-shaped), spirilla (helical), or
spirochete




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, 11/19/23, 1:29 PM Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)




Whats causing/holding these shapes? The cell wall




staphylococcus aureus




mycobacterium tuberculosis




bacteria on tooth enamel




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