APUSH Review (For AP Exam) (2023/2024) Rated A

APUSH Review (For AP Exam) (2023/2024) Rated A Thomas Paine's Common Sense Published in early 1776. Presented many arguments in favor of independence. Became a quick bestseller. Presented arguments in that had early been developed in a way less educated people could understand. Richard Henry Lee Ruled that the United Colonies aught to be free and independent states. Was in the Continental Congress Committee of Five The five who were appointed to draft the declaration of independence. Consisted of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson What did the DOI borrow ideas from? Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques-Rousseau. Rousseau's social contract meaning that whenever government becomes destructive of the ends it was created for, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it. Also took Locke's belief that people had the natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 3 purposes of the Declaration of Independence 1. Provide a statement of human rights and why they had the right to break away from one form of government and replace it with their own. All men are created equal is in this part. 2. List of grievances against King George 3. Formal declaration of war. Articles of Confederation (weaknesses) no ability to tax, no national unity, 13 separate governments, too much power to states, no executive branch Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan Virginia - wanted bicameral, 2 house legislation, representation based on state population (Senate) New Jersey - small states interests, 1 house legislature, equal number of delegates no matter size of state (House of Reps) Great Compromise results of Virginia and New Jersey plans, Virginia becomes Senate idea, NJ becomes idea for House of Reps, 2 term limit for election, 6 yrs for senators 3/5 Compromise Compromise for representation and taxation purposes. National government forbidden to interfere with slave trade until 1808. Slaves counted for 3/5 of representation and taxation purposes. Governmental Power in the Constituion Seperation of power, checks and balances. Should limit national government power but leave them enough power to carry out enough acts. Some powers reserved for state governments. Federalists vs. Antifederalists Federalists - like Hamilton. Supported the constitution. Strongest in urban areas, wanted strong central government. Antifederalists - Opposed the constitution, strong in rural areas, did not want strong central government, concerned that that constitution did not include the Bill of Rights. Bill of Rights Written by James Madison. 12 amendments, 10 amendments ratified. Statement of individual rights, wanted by the antifederalists, allowed people to agree to the constitution. Louisiana Purchase Purchased from France in 1803. Purchase price is 15 million. Doubled the size of the US. US takes control of Mississippi River. Spain had previously ceded territory to France. James Monroe negotiates treaty w/ Napoleon. Jefferson concerned about overstepping his bounds as acquiring land was not in the constitution and Democratic-Repubs. wanted strict interpretation. Marbury v. Madison Marbury is one of the midnight appointments of Adam, Jefferson denies, Marbury sues. Marshall rules that Marbury's claim is invalid. Marbury had wanted a court order forcing Jefferson to allow the midnight appointments to go through. Allowed for the concept of judicial review. The courts unanimous opinion asserts that only the Supreme Court could declare actions unconstitutional. Monroe Doctrine Warned European powers to not interfere with the Western hemisphere. Roosevelt-Corollary, adds to the doctrine noting that any disorder in Latin America would allow the US to get involved by using military force. Due to economic interests. US standing up for themselves and cementing their status as a country. American System proposed by Henry Clay, high tariffs on imports