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Microbiología T1-T5
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Apuntes de microbiología del tema 1 al tema 5
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,, Tema 2. Taxonomía microbiana
Origen subsuperficial
La vida se formó en fuentes hidrotermales del suelo oceánico.
La roca porosa permitió la compartimentalización de ácidos nucleicos (ARN)
con actividad catalítica: síntesis de ARN y proteínas.
Síntesis de ADN.
Bicapas lipídicas envolviendo ADN, ARN y
proteínas: Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)
Población de células primitivas a partir de las cuales la vida celular pudo
haber divergido en ancestros de las Bacterias y Archaea actuales.
Organismos quimiolitótrofos
El sulfuro ferroso abundante en la Tierra primitiva reaccionaría con el sulfuro de hidrógeno para formar pirita e
hidrógeno molecular (H2) en una reacción exotérmica. El H2 por una ATPasa primitiva de membrana generaría ATP.
Microorganismos capaces de utilizar
compuestos inorgánicos para obtener
energía para su metabolismo.
Divergencia Bacteria/Archaea Bacterias fotosintéticas anoxigénicas
Bacteria: utilizaba H2 y CO2 para producir
acetato Acetogénesis Cianobacterias fotosintéticas oxigénicas
Archaea: utilizaba H2 y CO2, e incluso acetato para FORMACIÓN DE LA CAPA DE OZONO (O3)
producir metano (CH4) Metanogénesis Con la producción del O2 y la formación de la capa de
ozono los microorganismos pudieron colonizar toda la
superficie terrestre.
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