Samenvatting van het vak Animal breeding and Genetics (ABG-20306). Deze Engelstalige samenvatting bevat H2, H4 t/m H6 en H8 t/m H13.
Met onderwerpen als breeding goal, breeding objective, P = G E, heritability, inheritance, litter, genetic diversity, inbreeding, breeding value (EBV), selection res...
Samenvatting
H2 en H4
Inbreeding
Loss of genetic variation
Crossbreeding
Hybrid vigour or heterosis
Crossbred will do better than original
Production system
Geographical location
Purpose of animal
o Production
o Companion
o Sport
o Working
Animal species and breed
Breeding objective
Breeding goal
o Specific traits with their desired direction
o Define
Determine
Economical
Non-economical
How to weigh the traits into single criterion
Breeding goal should be directed to the future
Economic value = Difference revenues – difference costs
How to include non-economic issues to breeding goal
Desired gains
Information
Need phenotypes
o How often
Repeatability:
how similar are subsequent measures on the same animal on
different times
Reproducibility:
How similar are measures on the same animal between different
persons/locations
Need pedigree
Can collect genotypes
Genetic marker: flag on the genome with known position and sequence
H5
P=G+E
Phenotype
Genotype
Environment
Genetic model specifies the genetic and non-genetic compounds of a trait
Difference between animals: variance
Var (P) = var (G) + var (E)
σ2
Difference between genetic and heritable
only get half of father and half of mother
dominance
Additive genetic effect
breeding value
average effect of alleles
heritable component of G
Dominance effect
the effect of an allele depends on the other allele at the same locus
not inherited
Epistasis effect
the effect of an allele depends on alleles at other loci
not inherited
G = u(mean) + A + D + I
P=A+E
Heritability
transmitting your trait to the offspring
calculate
model
o x as: average of both parents
o Y as: average off spring
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