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Define Disease/Pathophysiology: thickening of artery walls resulting in narrowing of arteries in upper/lower extremities; decreases circulation Signs/Symptoms • Intermittent claudication-“pain with walking”-results from lactic acid buildup • Atypical symp $17.99   Add to cart

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Define Disease/Pathophysiology: thickening of artery walls resulting in narrowing of arteries in upper/lower extremities; decreases circulation Signs/Symptoms • Intermittent claudication-“pain with walking”-results from lactic acid buildup • Atypical symp

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Define Disease/Pathophysiology: thickening of artery walls resulting in narrowing of arteries in upper/lower extremities; decreases circulation Signs/Symptoms • Intermittent claudication-“pain with walking”-results from lactic acid buildup • Atypical symptoms- burning, heaviness, pressur...

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  • November 20, 2023
  • 28
  • 2023/2024
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE EXAM .Approved


Peripheral Artery Disease




Define Disease/Pathophysiology: thickening of artery walls resulting in narrowing of arteries in

upper/lower extremities; decreases circulation


Signs/Symptoms


• Intermittent claudication-“pain with walking”-results from lactic acid buildup

• Atypical symptoms- burning, heaviness, pressure, soreness, tightness, weakness in ankle, foot,

hamstring, hip, knee, shin

• Paresthesia “numbness/tingling”


Nursing Assessment:


• History and physical exam

• Complications-leads to ischemia of the skin (breakdown) and muscles


Nursing Interventions/Management


• Main goal- Prevention; Risk factor reduction

• Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

• Structured Walking Program

• Foot Care

• Coordinate with PT/OT


Pertinent Medication Therapy


• Statins

, • Antiplatelets –Plavix

• ACE inhibitors


Diagnostic Procedures and Labs


• Lipid profile

• Doppler Ultrasound

• MRA (magnetic resonance

angiography) Discharge Planning/Patient

Teaching:

• Diet and Exercise

• Smoking Cessation

• After Care of Surgical Prevention- if indicated

• Pain Management

Deep Vein Thrombosis-DVT or VTE r/t Pulmonary Emboli

Define Disease/Pathophysiology: formation of a thrombus (blood clot) in association with

inflammation of the vein; caused by venous stasis (lack of movement/flow), damage to the endothelium,

and hypercoagulability of the blood


*Most common disorder of the veins


Signs/Symptoms –Risk Factors Table 37-8


• Unilateral extremity edema

• Pain and Tenderness (with palpation)

• Warm skin and redness


Nursing Assessment:


• History and physical exam

, • Monitor vital signs

• Inspect skin frequently

• Complications- Pulmonary Emboli (PE)


Nursing Interventions/Management Table 37-10


• Main goal- Pain relief

• Decrease Edema

• Monitor for and reduce risk of bleeding

• Avoid IM injections

• Minimize Venipunctures-Apply pressure to sites for 10 min

• Apply compression stockings


Pertinent Medication Therapy


• Warfarin (Coumadin)

• Heparin

• Enoxaparin (Lovenox)


Diagnostic Procedures and Labs


• aPTT, INR, bleeding time

• Hgb/Hct, platelet

• D-dimer

• Venous Compression and/or Duplex

Ultrasound Discharge Planning/Patient Teaching:

• Avoid restrictive (tight) clothing

• Use electric razors

• Teach about the use of anticoagulant therapy

• Smoking Cessation

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