PRACTICE TEST FOR ESSENTIAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING CHAPTER 1

PRACTICE TEST FOR ESSENTIAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING CHAPTER 1 A nurse is delivering a lecture to a group of parents on child health and diseases. What is the most common cause of death in children older than 1 year? Obesity Type 2 diabetes Motor vehicle accidents Heart disease -CORRECT ANSWER- Motor Vehicle Accidents Rationale: Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age. Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Incidents related to death due to heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, in children are not that common. A school nurse finds that many adolescents in the school are overweight. Being overweight predisposes these adolescents to which conditions? Diabetes Hypertension Heart diseases Fractures Headaches -CORRECT ANSWER- Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Disease Rationale: Overweight individuals are at high risk of developing diabetes due to increased insulin resistance. The risk of hypertension and heart disease is also high due to atherosclerosis. The risk of fractures and headaches is not dependent on body weight. What should be the primary goal of a nurse while providing atraumatic care to a child? First, do no harm to the child. Restrain the child. Repress the parents. Anesthetize the child -CORRECT ANSWER- First, do no harm to the child. Rationale: The most important goal for providing a traumatic care is first, do no harm to the child. Restraining the child, repressing the parents and anesthesia are not primary goals of a traumatic care. What is the most common cause of death and disability in children in the United States? Injuries Violence Drowning Mental health problems -CORRECT ANSWER- Injuries. Rationale: Injuries account for the most common cause of death and disability to children in the United States. Violence, drowning, and mental health problems are not the most common causes of death and disability in children in the United States. A nurse understands that moral values are important in any decision making. What does the moral value autonomy refer to? The obligation to prevent or minimize harm The patient's right to be self-governing The concept of fairness The obligation to promote the patient's well-being -CORRECT ANSWER- The patient's right to be self-governing. Rationale: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to be self-governing and make decisions about his or her own healthcare. The obligation to prevent or minimize harm is called nonmaleficence. The concept of fairness is called justice. The obligation to promote the patient's well-being is called beneficence. What should be the nurse's instruction to the parent of a child who is overweight? Inform the parent that the baby is well nourished. Advise the parent to put the child on a temporary fast. Tell the parent to reduce the quantity of food supplied to child. Emphasize the importance of physical activity for the child. -CORRECT ANSWEREmphasize the importance of physical activity for the child. Rationale: Childhood obesity is the major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight-loss measures such as increased physical activity and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle play an important role in prevention of diabetes. Overweight is also a sort of malnourishment. A fast is merely a temporary measure of weight reduction and is not appropriate for children. Modification of food habits is more important than reducing food intake. A nurse explains to a young patient's parent that, in children, the frequency of certain diseases decreases with age. Which condition should the nurse state as an example to prove her point? Headaches Acne Type 1 diabetes mellitus Tonsillitis -CORRECT ANSWER- Tonsillitis Rationale: The types of illnesses that children contract are dependent on age. The incidence of upper respiratory tract infections like tonsillitis decreases with age. Headaches and acne increase in frequency with age. Type 1 or juvenile diabetes is not associated with a specific age.