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Animal Biology 1: Endocrine system
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Notes from the lecture on the endocrine system
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The Endocrine SystemThe endocrine system refers to the 'highways' of communication through your body
There are two main highways of communication:
● The nervous system:
○ Rapid/immediate reaction
○ Electrical pulse sent along nerves
○ Brief effect
● The endocrine system:
○ Slower reaction
○ Chemical messages (hormones)
○ Secreted into the blood
○ Longer lasting effects
The parts of the endocrine system are:
● Hypothalamus
● Pineal body and gland
● Pituitary gland
● Thyroid
● Heart
● Adrenal gland
● Kidney
● Pancreas
● Overy
● Testes
Let's talk hormones:
● They are chemical messengers
● They can have a targeted effect or a whole body effect
● They bind to specific receptors around the body
● There are inhibitors and stimulants
● They travel in low quantities in the bloodstream
● They are controlled by feedback loops from the targeted organs/ tissues
● Different types are released from different places:
○ Pituitary gland, Thyroid, Pancreas and Adrenal gland:
■ Peptides (amino acid chains)
■ Single amino acids
○ Gonads (sex organs) and the Adrenal cortex:
■ Steroids (cholesterol)
■ Prostaglandines (fatty acids)
Order of events: Gland stimulated by chemical signal -> Hormone released -> Enters
bloodstream -> Activates receptor -> Effect
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