Summary
Summary - alkenes (4.1.3)
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A brief summary on the 4.1.3 a and b for ocr a level chemistry, notes on shape, bonding, how to name and general information - more to come soon
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Alkenes·I
·
General info
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A homologous series of hydro carbons Similar chemical properties
Contains a carbon - carbon double bond General formula CnH2n
Does not have free rotation due to side Unsatured compounds
on overlap of p-orbitals
Makes bromine water colourless
displayed
in sri and skeletal
iii formulae%~
I
11/ : 2
Ethene CzH4 Butene C4H8 Displayed formula show all
bonds including hydrogens eg:
Propene C3H6 Pentene C5H10 H H H
C C C H
Skeletal formulae just show carbon bonds 2 4
H H
- each point is a carbon eg: 4 carbons 1
3
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- Bonding
11/11 !
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Contains a carbon - carbon double bond The pi bond means that
Double bond comprises of:
Pi bond - sideways overlap of
adjacent P orbitals above and
no free rotation occurs -
it did it would result in
the p-orbitals not being
&
below the bonding C atoms parallel so they can't H H H
Sigma bond - end on end overlap overlap
of orbitals directly between C C C H
bonding atoms Sigma bond -
Pi bond means no free rotation Pi bond - H H
Shape
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- 1 ...
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alkenes have a trigonal
planar shape due to
electron repulsion
H
H
·
z
C C
H
off
H
120° between each atom
3 regions of electron density means that
they all repel equally so a trigonal planar
is formed
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