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Summary Chromosomes And Meiosis
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Chromosomes And Meiosis notes include: - Chromosomes - Chromosomes in somatic cells - Meiosis 1 and 2 - Processes
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CHROMOSOMES & MEIOSISChromosomes
- Long thread-like structure
- Form part of chromatin network in nuclei
- Strand of DNA wound around histones
Somatic cell
● Any body cell in an organism
● Non reproductive
● Diploid (2n)
● 2 copies of each chromosome (and gene)
Gamete cell
● Sex cell
● Reproductive
● Haploid (n)
● 1 copy of each chromosome (and gene)
Diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes (maternal & paternal)
Haploid = 1 set of chromosomes (from each pair of homologous chromosomes)
Homologous chromosomes = matching maternal chromosome for every paternal one (same size, shape and
same genes in same place)
Chromosomes in somatic cells
- Same number of chromosomes in each cell (diploid)
- Chromosomes form homologous pairs
DNA replication
● Forms 2 identical chromatids joined by a centromere
● Takes place during interphase
● Ensures that each daughter cell receives full complement of all genetic material
Meiosis
Cell division that takes place in reproductive organs to produce gametes/ spores
- Number of chromosomes reduced 2n to n in each of the daughter cells formed
- Gametes = haploid
- Male haploid gamete + female haploid gamete = diploid zygote
Where is takes place:
Animals:
● Testes and ovaries
● Formation of sperm cells in testes = spermatogenesis
● Formation of eggs cells in the ovaries = oogenesis
Plants:
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