MORT 3018 - Funeral Service Practice I - Final Exam Solved 100%

The Dark ages - ANSWERThe early middle ages were known as... Anubis - ANSWERGod of Embalming Chepera (Khephra, Keper) - ANSWERThe Egyptian word for "scarab beetle" The Children of Horus - ANSWERHapi, Mestha, Qebhsennuf, and Taumautef Horus - ANSWER"The Avenger of His Father"; killed his uncle Set Isis - ANSWERPerhaps the most important goddess of all Egyptian mythology; wife of Osiris; helped Osiris to return to life, and assisted him to rule the land of the dead Ma'at - ANSWERname means "truth." ____ was represented as a tall woman with an ostrich feather in her hair. She was presented at the judgement of the dead; her feather was balanced against the head of the deceased to determine whether he had led a pure and honest life Osiris - ANSWERGod of the underworld; the first mummy; husband of Isis Pharaoh - ANSWERthe word meant "great house" and referred to the palace rather than the king; modern usage refers to the king of Egypt Set - ANSWERkiller of Osiris; slain by Horus Thoth - ANSWERthe "measurer"; the scribe of the gods Scarab - ANSWERthe dung beetle; the name given by Egyptologists of the many models of a certain beetle, which are found in mummies, tombs, temples, and other buildings in Egypt and other countries Cartouche - ANSWERAn elongated seal that represented eternity Circle of Necessity - ANSWERA three thousand year journey taken to the sun by the dead Egyptian before it could return to the body 70 day rule - ANSWERThe embalming process lasted for a period of __ days. This embalming rule applied to all classes of Egyptians; the body was covered with natron for only 40 of these days Mastaba - ANSWERThe most common type of tomb found in Egypt. These were mainly large rectangular, flat-topped buildings with sloping sides. Beneath them were the burial chambers and rooms cut deep into bedrock. They were usually built with mud-brick Natron - ANSWERA mixture of sodium bicarbonate with sodium chloride and sodium sulphate as impurities. It is a naturally occurring chemical in Egypt Serdab - ANSWERStatue chamber of an Egyptian tomb Step pyramid - ANSWERA tomb which evolved from the mastaba. Usually a series of six-progressively diminishing terraces Ushabti - ANSWERA mummification figurine made of wood, clay, wax, stone, bronze, faience or even glass, which was placed in the tomb to carry out the necessary work in the next world to which the deceased might be called upon Kherheb - ANSWERAn Egyptian priest who served as the head undertaker Designer or Painter - ANSWERConstructed and painted the coffin; designed and made amulets, masks, jewelry, furniture, etc.; oversaw the decorations of the tomb Pollinctor or Apothecary - ANSWERCompounded aromatic powders, oils, balsams, and ointments used to anoint and preserve the body Embalmer or Surgeon - ANSWERDirected the embalming operation Physician or Priest - ANSWERDirected the ceremonial function and read instructions to others from the Book of the Dead Alienatio mentis - ANSWERThe ecstasy of the soul departing the body Charon - ANSWERThe ferryman of the dead. The souls of the deceased are brought to him by Hermes, and he ferries them across the river Acheron Herodotus - ANSWERA Greek historian (Father of History.) His writings tells us much about Greek and Egyptian funeral customs Solon - ANSWERA Greek king who was the first to enact Sumputary Laws regarding the amount of money that could be spent on funerals Sumputary laws (greek) - ANSWERLaws that prohibited consumption. In this case, it limited the cost (and number of garments worn by the deceased) of the funeral. These laws were enacted by the king, Solon Tumulus - ANSWERA burial mound. A heap of earth or stones placed over a grave. The terms mound, barrow, or cairn are more common in modern usage Suttee - ANSWERA form of suicide (sometimes forced.) Usually when a widow throws herself (or is thrown_ into the funeral pyre of her husband or boyfriend Arca - ANSWERName for the Roman coffin, usually made from stone Conclamatio mortis - ANSWERCalling out of the dead. A Roman death ceremony in which professional mourners circled the deceased three times, calling out his or her name. The mourners tore their hair, tore their clothes and scratched their faces during this ceremony Epicurians - ANSWERFollowers of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. Epicurus did not believe in an after-life Funeralis - ANSWERThe word which funeral derives from. It meant "torchlight procession." Libitina - ANSWERThe Roman Goddess of corpses and funerals. Death certificates were also filed at the Temple of ________ Libitinarius - ANSWERThe Roman head undertaker; the first secular (non-religious) undertaker Pollinctores - ANSWERSlaves or employees of the Libitinarius who prepared the body and did any embalming. Embalming could include crude mummification or merely the anointing of the body with spices Designator - ANSWERThe master of ceremonies and director of the funeral Praeco - ANSWERThe "town crier" who announced the death and invited people to the funeral Basar - ANSWERThe flesh. One of two elements of the body according to ancient Hebrews. The _____ could be destroyed Nefesh - ANSWERThe breath. One of the two elements of the body according to ancient Hebrews. The ______ could not be destroyed Shoel - ANSWERthe Jewish afterlife Loculus - ANSWERA sealed slot-like niche containing a burial in the catacombs Viaticum - ANSWERThe catching of the last breath and the imparting of the final kiss. This was done to the dying person Odin - ANSWERThe chief god Runes - ANSWERNorse alphabet Valhalla - ANSWERHall of the Slain. In Norse mythology is the hall presided over by Odin. This vast hall has five hundred and forty doors Valkyries - ANSWER"Choosers of the slain"; beautiful young women, mounted upon winged horses and armed with helmets and spears Averil - ANSWERa funeral feast Dower house - ANSWERA place where widows lived in seclusion Quarterage - ANSWERA funeral fee levied among guild members to pay for the funeral of a member Soul shot - ANSWERA funeral fee Frederick Ruysch - ANSWERFather of Embalming Wilhelm von Hofmann - ANSWERProved the existence of formaldehyde William Harvey - ANSWEREnglish physician and anatomist who announced his discovery of the true nature of the circulation of the blood and of the function of the heart as a pump (also named arteries and veins) William Hunter - ANSWEROriginator of the Injection Technique of Embalming Marcello Malphigi - ANSWER"Father of Comparative Anatomy" and "Father of Histology," used an early microscope to discover capillaries and confirm William Harvey's theory of the circulatory system Momento mori - ANSWERA form of image that urged a European person of the late Middle Ages to "remember thy death." To do this, a _______ ____ might represent death as a human skeleton, or it might depict bodies in an advanced state of decay. Its purpose is to remind the viewer that death is an unavoidable part of life, something to be prepared for at all times. In America, _______ ____ images are usually photographs of the deceased Ambrose Pare - ANSWERA French barber-surgeon, considered to be "The Father of Modern Surgery" Monkey spoons - ANSWERA spoon with the image of an Apostle in the handle. The image was made so poorly, it looked like an animal rather than an Apostle George W. Boyd - ANSWERFirst American patent on a metal burial vault. This patent was purchased by the Champion Company Almond D. Fisk - ANSWERInventor of the ____ Metallic Coffin of Cast Metal. This was the first metallic coffin put into widespread use in the United States. The patent was later purchased by the Crane and Breed Mfg. Co. who introduced assembly line production for the ____ Coffin Jacod Knorr - ANSWEREstablished in 1761 in Georgetown, PA, he founded one of the earliest funeral establishments in America. This was a sideline to cabinet making Samuel Nice and B. Frank Kirk - ANSWERPurchased the business of Jacob Knorr and in 1865 built the first dedicated funeral home in the United States Samuel Stein - ANSWERFirst American patent on a cloth-covered wood burial case. His company eventually merged with the National Casket Co. Clarke and Lukens - ANSWER______ set up the earliest recorded "institute" for embalming demonstrations. With ______, the two founded the Cincinnati School of Embalming Frederick and Trump - ANSWERinvented and obtained the American patent on the "Corpse Cooler" Thomas Holmes - ANSWERpatented the force pump for embalming; he invented the rubber disaster pouch. Known as the "Father of *American* Embalming" Poisonous embalming fluids - ANSWEREmbalming fluids containing arsenic and metallic salts were outlawed in France. The first state in the United States to ban these fluids was Michigan followed rapidly by many other states Auguste Renouard - ANSWERAuthor of "The Undertaker's Manual," the first embalming textbook in the United States Samuel Rogers - ANSWERPatented the trochar in 1878 Immortelles - ANSWERNon-perishable, artificial, dried, or prepared natural flowers and leaves; usually kept in a deep frame in the parlor of the family after the death First licensing of embalmers - ANSWERVirginia in 1894 First licensing of funeral directors - ANSWERPennsylvania in 1895 The Funeral Directors' National Association of the United States - ANSWERAt the urging of Allan Durfee, a national meeting of undertakers was called in Rochester, New York in 1882. This association was founded at that meeting. The name was later changed to the National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) in 1893 F. Julius Lemoyne - ANSWERErected America's first crematory in Washington, Pennsylvania in 1876 Massachusetts State Board of Health - ANSWERThe first board of health in the United States, established 1869 American Board of Funeral Service Education (ABFSE) - ANSWERThe primary jobs of this board is to set and standardize curriculum, and to accredit schools