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Samenvatting Gerontologie: Ergotherapie
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Volledige samenvatting van het 2e jaarsvak Gerontologie binnen de opleiding Ergotherapie. Met deze samenvatting in eerste zit geslaagd voor dit vak.
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2e jaar bachelor Ergotherapie GerontologieNina Van Ginneken
Gerontologie
Inhoudsopgave
Valpreventie...........................................................................................................................................6
Definitie..............................................................................................................................................6
Prevalentie..........................................................................................................................................6
Thuissituatie...................................................................................................................................6
WZC................................................................................................................................................6
Ziekenhuis.......................................................................................................................................6
Populatie bepaling..........................................................................................................................7
Gevolgen.............................................................................................................................................7
Lichamelijke gevolgen (40% tot 60%).............................................................................................7
Psychosociale gevolgen..................................................................................................................8
Financiële/ economische gevolgen.................................................................................................8
Blijvende functionele moeilijkheden..............................................................................................8
Oorzaken valincidentie.......................................................................................................................9
Posturale controle en invloed op somatosensorische functies.......................................................9
Posturale controle en invloed op motorische functies...................................................................9
Posturale controle en invloed op coördinerende functies..............................................................9
Valrisicofactoren bij ouderen.............................................................................................................9
Orthostatische hypotensie............................................................................................................10
Syncope........................................................................................................................................10
Dropattack....................................................................................................................................10
Problematiek van struikelen bij ouderen..........................................................................................12
Locatie van valincidentie..................................................................................................................12
Aanpak van valincidentie..................................................................................................................12
Wat met mentale status van ouderen?............................................................................................12
Problematiek van Frail Elderly..........................................................................................................13
Valpreventierichtlijn 1: valpreventie thuis........................................................................................14
Valpreventierichtlijn 2: valpreventie WZC........................................................................................15
Valpreventierichtlijn 3: valpreventie ziekenhuis...............................................................................15
Seksualiteit en intimiteit bij ouderen...................................................................................................16
Seksualiteit versus intimiteit.............................................................................................................16
Seksualiteit en ouderen....................................................................................................................16
Houding van professionelen.............................................................................................................18
Invloeden op seksualiteit..................................................................................................................18
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,2e jaar bachelor Ergotherapie Gerontologie
Nina Van Ginneken
Seksualiteit vanuit onze voorzieningen...........................................................................................18
Aanpak seksualiteit en intimiteit bij ouderen...................................................................................19
Verhoudingen professionele en hulpverlener..................................................................................20
Vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen bij ouderen....................................................................................22
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................22
Wat is fixatie?...................................................................................................................................22
Prevalentie van vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen..........................................................................22
Over fixatie.......................................................................................................................................23
Kaders in België................................................................................................................................23
Richtlijnen voor veilig fixeren...........................................................................................................24
Complicaties bij immobilisatie van ouderen?...................................................................................24
Bij een casus zijn volgende stappen noodzakelijk.............................................................................25
Alternatieven....................................................................................................................................26
Slaapkamer...................................................................................................................................26
Zitten............................................................................................................................................26
Bewegen......................................................................................................................................26
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................27
Nergens beter dan Thuis...................................................................................................................27
Cijfers................................................................................................................................................27
Relanceplan – Vlaamse Veerkracht Septemberverklaring 2020.......................................................28
Doel..............................................................................................................................................28
Septemberverklaring....................................................................................................................28
Ouderen en Wonen: zorg in eigen huis............................................................................................29
Naarmate mensen ouder worden................................................................................................29
Vraag en antwoord...........................................................................................................................30
Assessmentinstrumenten binnen de thuiszorg.................................................................................32
BELFOTO.......................................................................................................................................32
KATZSCHAAL.................................................................................................................................33
BOEBS/ E-VOTO............................................................................................................................33
Besluit...............................................................................................................................................34
Palliatieve zorg en ergotherapie...........................................................................................................35
Cijfers................................................................................................................................................35
Oorzaken van overlijden bij ouderen................................................................................................35
Definitie palliatieve zorg...................................................................................................................35
Situatie van palliatieve zorg in Gent.................................................................................................36
Structuur van palliatieve zorg...........................................................................................................36
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,2e jaar bachelor Ergotherapie Gerontologie
Nina Van Ginneken
Drie kantelmomenten in palliatieve zorg..........................................................................................36
Vier pijnpijlers...................................................................................................................................37
Spirituele zorg...............................................................................................................................37
Taken van de ergotherapeut............................................................................................................38
Allochtone ouderen en ergotherapie...................................................................................................39
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................39
Migratie: geschiedenis..................................................................................................................39
Landen van herkomst (Instroom België).......................................................................................39
Cijfers in het Vlaams Gewest........................................................................................................39
Van Diversiteit naar Superdiversiteit................................................................................................40
Overculturaliseren........................................................................................................................41
Is er een probleem?..........................................................................................................................41
Enkele kenmerken........................................................................................................................41
Aanpak ergotherapeut......................................................................................................................42
Algemeen besluit..............................................................................................................................43
Algemene referentiekaders over ouderdom........................................................................................44
Modellen over ouderdom.....................................................................................................................44
Impliciete en expliciete ouderenbeelden.........................................................................................44
Het impliciete ouderenbeeld (geleefd ouderenbeeld).................................................................44
Het expliciete gesproken ouderenbeeld...........................................................................................44
Het expliciete, wetenschappelijk verantwoorde ouderenbeeld.......................................................44
Modellen over ouder worden...........................................................................................................45
Ageism: de kwalijke uitwassen van een op hol geslagen economisch model...............................45
Zorgmodellen...............................................................................................................................46
Het evolutieperspectief................................................................................................................48
Belevingen van ouderen zelf.............................................................................................................50
De levensloop.......................................................................................................................................51
Veranderingen tijdens het leven......................................................................................................51
Determinanten van de levensloop...................................................................................................52
Normatieve leeftijdgebonden invloeden......................................................................................53
Normatief-historische invloeden..................................................................................................53
Niet-normatieve invloeden...........................................................................................................54
Generaties........................................................................................................................................54
Het individu als producent van zijn levensloop................................................................................55
Ontwikkelingstaken in de ouderdom................................................................................................56
De persoonlijkheid en identiteit van de oudere...................................................................................58
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, 2e jaar bachelor Ergotherapie Gerontologie
Nina Van Ginneken
‘Ik ben wel ouder geworden, maar niet anders geworden.’.............................................................58
Een model van de persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................58
Structurele aspecten van de persoonlijkheid...................................................................................59
Niveau 1: karaktertrekken of eigenschappen van de persoon......................................................59
Niveau 2: het persoonlijke levensplan (personal action constructs of PAC).................................60
Niveau 3: het levensverhaal..........................................................................................................60
Procesaspecten van de persoonlijkheid...........................................................................................61
Niveau 1: states............................................................................................................................61
Niveau 2: levenstechnieken..........................................................................................................61
Niveau 3: self-narration................................................................................................................61
Cognitieve veroudering........................................................................................................................62
De cognitieve prestaties van ouderen..............................................................................................62
Het meten van de cognitieve prestaties.......................................................................................62
Leeftijdsverschillen in scores op intelligentietests........................................................................63
Snelheid van informatieverwerking..................................................................................................65
Aandacht..........................................................................................................................................66
Selectieve aandacht......................................................................................................................66
Verdeelde aandacht......................................................................................................................66
Aandachtsveld..............................................................................................................................67
Geheugen.........................................................................................................................................67
Twee soorten geheugen: werkgeheugen en L.T.G........................................................................67
Leeftijdsverschillen in het werkgeheugen.....................................................................................68
Leeftijdsverschillen in lange-termijn-geheugen............................................................................69
Eenzaamheid........................................................................................................................................74
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................74
Wat is eenzaamheid.........................................................................................................................74
Een omschrijving...........................................................................................................................74
Determinanten van eenzaamheid....................................................................................................75
Wie loopt er meer risico op eenzaamheid....................................................................................75
Factoren die eenzaamheid veroorzaken.......................................................................................75
Mogelijke gevolgen van eenzaamheid..............................................................................................79
Psychische en emotionele gevolgen.............................................................................................79
Lichamelijke gevolgen...................................................................................................................79
Existentiële gevolgen....................................................................................................................79
Sociale gevolgen...........................................................................................................................80
Omgevingsgebonden gevolgen.....................................................................................................80
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