Test Bank Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition ButtsContents Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science ...........
Test Bank Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing
Practice
Janie B. Butts and Karen L. Rich
Contents
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science ......................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 3 – The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: APhilosophical Perspective ............................ 7
Chapter 4 – Theory as Practice...................................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 5 – Components and Levels of Abstraction in Nursing Knowledge ..................................................... 11
Chapter 6 – Complexity Science and Complex Adaptive Systems ........................................................................ 13
Chapter 7 – Critical Theory and Emancipatory Knowledge................................................................................... 15
Chapter 8 – Feminist Ethics: Some Applicable Thoughts for AdvancedPractice Nurses ................................ 18
Chapter 9 – Theories and Models in Ethics .............................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 10 – Educational and Learning Theories .................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 11 – Health Behavior Theories .................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 12 – Theories Focused on Interpersonal Relationships ........................................................................... 27
Chapter 13 – Environmental Philosophy and Theories .......................................................................................... 29
Chapter 14 – Economic Theories ............................................................................................................................... 31
Chapter 15 – Theories of Organizational Behavior and Leadership ..................................................................... 33
Chapter 16 – Theoretical Approaches to Quality Improvement ........................................................................... 36
Chapter 17 – Theories Focused on Health Inequity and Health Disparity .......................................................... 38
Chapter 18 – Models and Theories Focused on Nursing Goals andFunctions .................................................. 40
Chapter 19 – Models and Theories Focused on a Systems Approach.................................................................. 42
Chapter 20 – Models and Theories Focused on Human Existence andUniversal Energy ............................... 45
Chapter 21 – Models and Theories Focused on Competencies and Skills ........................................................... 47
Chapter 22– Theories Focused on Caring ................................................................................................................. 49
Chapter 23 – Models and Theories Focused on Culture ........................................................................................ 51
Chapter 24 – The Praxis Theory of Suffering ........................................................................................................... 53
Chapter 25 – Theory Testing and Theory Evaluation ............................................................................................. 56
Chapter 26 – Using Theory in Evidence-Based Advanced Nursing Practice ...................................................... 58
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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,Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in theworld. As a
scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does consider
herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closelyreflectiveof w
hichschool of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet sometype of
human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate resultsin repeat
experiments.
Ans: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the commonsubjective
biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize theirfunctional
abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situationor change
viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, andcontrolling
outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked both
of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After they’ve
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,both completed their task, the compare their results and discoverthat they are nearly identical. Which
of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sourceof
knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does, whether in the
lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by cause and effect. He sees
little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing insteadthat the world is an external concept
completely independent of individual thoughts or desires. Which philosophical school best describes
Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
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, Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. HermeneuticsAns: B
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated through the
1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly problematic in
light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late1970s and
early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practice-basedBachelor’s
education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught coursesin hospitals
to professor-taught courses at universities.
Ans: B
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing scienceAns: C
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather thanan
academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the
delivery of service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines and, as
a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciencesthat acknowledge idea sharing
across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing care
to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predatesformal education in the
field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated or
trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots inthe profession itself
rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
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