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NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS – Q&A Graded A+
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NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS – Q&A Graded A+Weeks 1-5
1. The PMHNP as a Therapy Provider
2. Assessment, Countertransference, Cultural Competency; Supportive and
Psychodynamic Therapy
3. EMDR and Motivational Interviewing
4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
5. Interpersonal, Humanistic-Existential, & Solution-Focused Psychotherapy
Socratic Dialogue ✔️Ans - Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
A technique described as "mutual discovery in which the therapist guides the
patient through a series of questions and answers to elicit automatic thoughts
and assumptions, and examine the logic and evidence that relates to them"
Diathesis-Stress Model ✔️Ans - Serves to explore how biological or genetic
traits diathesis interact with environmental influences, stressors to produce
disorders such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ✔️Ans - Regulates cortisol, a
potent hormone that inhibits growth, immune responses, and inflammatory
responses.
In severe and prolonged stress, this feedback to the pituitary gland is
impaired and the hypothalamus does not decrease its activity, thus continuing
to pump too much cortisol
Cortisol ✔️Ans - This potent stress hormone mobilizes energy stores,
stimulates the release of glucose, potentiates the release of adrenaline,
increases cardiovascular tone, and inhibits growth, immune, and
inflammatory responses
How PTSD affects cortisol production ✔️Ans - For those with PTSD, it is
hypothesized that the brain may become hypersensitive to the effects of
cortisol. The person has a consequent loss of stimulus discrimination, and
even minor triggers may cause the person to overact.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders ✔️Ans - · Body image distortion
,· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
· History of anxiety
Erikson's Stages of Development
Infancy (birth to 18 months) ✔️Ans - Trust vs. mistrust
Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, depression
Erikson's Stages of Development
Early childhood (18 months to 3 years) ✔️Ans - Autonomy vs. self-doubt
Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
Erikson's Stages of Development
Late childhood (3 to 6 years) ✔️Ans - Initiative vs. guilt
Pathological Outcome: Conversion disorder, phobias, psychosomatic disorder
Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to 12 years) ✔️Ans - Industry vs. inferiority
Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to 20 years) ✔️Ans - Identity vs. role confusion
Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related identity disorders,
borderline psychotic episodes
Erikson's Stages of Development
Young adult (20 to 30 years) ✔️Ans - Intimacy vs. isolation
Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years) ✔️Ans - Generativity vs. stagnation
Pathological Outcome: Midlife crisis, premature invalidism
, Erikson's Stages of Development
Old age (65 year to death) ✔️Ans - Ego integrity vs. despair
Pathological Outcome: Extreme alienation, despair
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Oral (birth to 18 months) ✔️Ans - Task: to establish trust; comfortable
expression and gratification of oral needs
Problematic Traits: Excessive dependency; envy and jealousy; narcissism;
pessimism; excessive optimism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Anal (18 months to 3 years) ✔️Ans - Task: learning independence and
control
Problematic Traits: Orderliness; obstinacy; frugality; heightened ambivalence;
messiness; defiance; rage; obsessive compulsive; sadomasochism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Phallic/Oedipal (3 to 6 years) ✔️Ans - Task: identification with same sex
parent; development of sexual identity
Problematic Traits: sexual identity issues; castration in males; penis envy in
females; excessive guilt
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Latency (6 to 12 years) ✔️Ans - Task: sexuality sublimated; emphasis on
same sex peers
Problematic Traits: inability to sublimate energies to learn; excessive inner
control; obsessive traits
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Genital (13 to 20 years) ✔️Ans - Task: establishment of separation from
parents and mature non-incestuous relationships with others
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