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samenvatting embryologie 1e bachelor diergeneeskunde

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samenvatting embryologie 1e bachelor diergeneeskunde

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  • November 27, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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EMBRYOLOGIE EN
TERATOLOGIE




1e Ba diergeneeskunde
Pauline Bruyns

,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: voortplanting .............................................................................................................................. 3
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Celprocessen ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Voortplantingscyclus .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Mannelijk geslachtsstelsel .................................................................................................................................. 4
Vrouwelijk geslachtsstelsel ................................................................................................................................. 5

Hoofdstuk 2: bevruchting ................................................................................................................................. 7
Bevruchting ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Abnormale bevruchting ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Celdelingen ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Tweelingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Gastrulatie ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

Hoofdstuk 3: primitieve lichaamsvorm ........................................................................................................... 12
Indeling ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Neurulatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Differentiatie .................................................................................................................................................... 13

Hoofdstuk 4: organogenese ........................................................................................................................... 16
Divertikelvorming ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Mesodermale derivaten ................................................................................................................................... 17
Eerste ontwikkelingsstadia ............................................................................................................................... 17
Aangezicht ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Gastro-intestinaal stelsel .................................................................................................................................. 21
Ademhalingsstelsel ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Lichaamsholten ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Cardio-vasculair stelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Lymfestelsel .......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Hoofdstuk 5: placentatie ................................................................................................................................ 33
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 33
Uterus ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
Implantatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Placentatie........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Embryonale aanhangels ................................................................................................................................... 37
Navelstreng ...................................................................................................................................................... 38

Hoofdstuk 6: bewegingsstelsel ....................................................................................................................... 40
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 40



1

, Differentiatie .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Ontwikkeling skelet .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Ontwikkeling gewrichten .................................................................................................................................. 42
Ontwikkeling spieren ........................................................................................................................................ 43
Lymfestelsel (extra) .......................................................................................................................................... 44

Hoofdstuk 7: Urogenitaal stelsel .................................................................................................................... 45
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
Urinair stelsel.................................................................................................................................................... 45
Genitaalstelsel .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Vrouwelijk genitaalstelsel................................................................................................................................. 50
Mannelijk geslachtsstelsel ................................................................................................................................ 52

Hoofdstuk 8: zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................. 53
Zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Oog ................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Oor .................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Endocrinum ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
Integument ....................................................................................................................................................... 60

Hoofdstuk 9: geassisteerde reproductieve technieken ................................................................................... 62
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
Oestrus proces .................................................................................................................................................. 62
Kunstmatige inseminatie .................................................................................................................................. 63
Embryo transfer ................................................................................................................................................ 64
In vitro .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Geavanceerde reproductieve technologieën .................................................................................................... 67

Hoofdstuk 10: zebravissen ............................................................................................................................. 68
Zebravis als diermodel ...................................................................................................................................... 68
Embryonale ontwikkeling zebravis ................................................................................................................... 68
Huisvesting zebravissen .................................................................................................................................... 70
Zebravissen in onderzoek ................................................................................................................................. 71




2

, EMBRYOLOGIE EN TERATOLOGIE
Hoofdstuk 1: voortplanting

Inleiding

Embryologie is de studie van het zich ontwikkelende, nieuwe organisme vanaf de bevruchting
tot de geboorte, het is het startkapitaal voor de morfologie, geeft ons stapsgewijs inzicht in
de bouw van een organisme, het basispatroon van zeer ingewikkelde structuren, de
interrelaties tussen structuren, de resultaten van een verkeerde stap in de ontwikkeling

Voorbeeld: softenon geneesmiddel toegediend aan zwangere vrouwen tegen misselijkheid,
veroorzaakte geboorteafwijkingen, onderontwikkeling van de arm ledematen, embryonale
positie van de armen behouden (thalidomide)

Celprocessen

1. Celproliferatie: verspreiding en deling van de cellen, cellen die goed van zuurstof en
voedingsstoffen worden voorzien zullen zich makkelijker delen
2. Groei: bepaalde cellen moeten niet enkel delen, maar groeien, bvb spierweefsel die
moeten toenemen in volume en oppervlakte
3. Differentiatie: verschillende cellen gaan aparte functies uitvoeren dus moeten
specifiek aangepast worden aan deze functies
4. Celmigratie: bvb neurale lijstcellen die ontstaan aan de ruggengraat en gaan
rondzwermen naar melanocyten in de huid, als deze niet migreren spreken we van
albinisme
5. Celdood: apoptose om vernieuwing te creëeren en tijdelijke processen te laten
verdwijnen, bvb vliezen tussen vingers die moeten worden afgebroken

Prenatale periode:
- Embryonale periode: bevruchting tot primitieve gemeenschappelijke lichaamsvorm,
eindigt wanneer het gehemelte zich sluit, bij de mens eerste 3 maanden
- Foetale periode: laatste periode tot en met geboorte, bij de mens laatste 6 maanden
Postnatale periode: verdere ontwikkeling, grote diersoortverschillen, we hebben nestvlieders
en nestblijvers

Voortplantingscyclus

Proces waarbij we praten vanaf de gametogenese
(spermatogenese en oögenese) tot de bevruchting,
cyclus waarin eerst bevruchting plaatsvindt, er ontstaat
een embryo dat zich deelt tot een morulla, dan tot de
blastulla, gastrulatie (kiembladen), organogenese,
geboorte, metamorfose, postnatale ontwikkeling,
mature stadium (voortplanting 2 volwassen individuen)


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