MED SURG NR 325 PRACTICE TEST 2023/2024

MED SURG NR 325 PRACTICE TEST 2023/2024 BREAST CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES - CORRECT ANSWER-regular screening mammography starting at age 45 years. Women aged 45 to 54 years should be screened annually. Women 55 years and older should transition to biennial screening or have the opportunity to continue screening annually. continue screening mammography as long as overall health is good and life expectancy is 10 years or longer THE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION - CORRECT ANSWER-lie down and place one arm behind the head use finger pads of three middle fingers of the other hand to feel for lumps use overlapping dime-sized circular motions to feel the breast tissue use three different levels of pressure up-and-down vertical pattern is recommended stand in a front a mirror; examine breasts for: - shape - size - redness/scaliness - dimpling (skin/nipple) MASTITIS - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the breast occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating mothers 2-4 weeks after birth MASTITIS - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER-warm to touch indurated/painful often unilateral most commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus BEST TIME TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAM (BSE) - CORRECT ANSWER-Perform BSE at the end of the menstrual period breast tenderness is less likely to occur RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER - CORRECT ANSWER-early menarche late menopause Age - at or older than 50 yrs hormone use Family history/Genetics History of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian) First full term pregnancy after age 30 nulliparity (never given birth) benign breast disease (atypical epithelial hyperplasia) weight gain/obesity after menopause exposure to ionizing radiation alcohol consumption ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY - CORRECT ANSWER-FNA is performed in outpatient settings results are available within 24-48 hours no incision required BREAST LUMPS - ASSESSMENT - CORRECT ANSWER-*painless* and *fixed* lumps suggest breast cancer/malignancy HORMONE THERAPY (HT) - CORRECT ANSWER-*HT has been linked to increased risk for breast cancer*; patient and HCP must determine whether or not HT therapy is appropriate *Breast cancer incidence is increased in women using HT*, independent of other risk factors HT increases the risk for both non-BRCA-associated cancer and BRCA-related cancers CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - CORRECT ANSWER-based on tissue type based on invasiveness based on hormone receptor and genetic status CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASED ON ON TISSUE TYPE - CORRECT ANSWER-Ductal carcinoma (milk ducts) - Medullary - Tubular - Colloid (mucinous) Lobular carcinoma (milk-producing glands) Other - Inflammatory