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Summary Homeostasis Notes
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HomeostasisThe ability or tendency to maintain internal stability in an organism to compensate for
environmental changes e.g., keeping your body temperature of 37 degrees.
Internal environment- it comprises of blood, tissue fluid, body cell content and all the metabolic
processes taking place at the same time, as human beings.
The human body has a series of processes that help maintain a health internal environment.
Negative feedback occurs when an important variable, such as the pH of blood tissue fluid, deviates
from the acceptable ranges or limits, and triggers responses that return the variable to be within the
acceptable normal range. It is feedback that creates a reaction/action to return the internal
environment to be balanced, happy and healthy.
The brain and the nervous system play a vital role in controlling homeostatic mechanisms and helps
humans think ahead of possible variables moving outside the normal range, advance thinking. This is
feedforward rather than getting to the feedback situation. For example, when you’re over hungry
you get cold and tired, so act on hunger to prevent this.
Negative feedback system require:
Receptors to detect changes
A control centre to receive the information and process the response
Effectors to reverse the change and re-establish the original state.
Thermoregulatory homeostatic process
Is the biological terminology for how the body maintains a 37-degree core temperature, which is
necessary for all the other functions to be carried out well.
If you get too hot, your blood vessels will expand,
and you’ll sweat
If you get too cold, your blood vessels with contract and you will shiver to warm up.
The skin plays a very important role in maintaining a healthy core temperature. The hypothalamus is
the processing centre in the brain that controls body temperature. It does this by triggering changes
to effectors, such as sweat glands and muscles controlling body hair.
The Skin
Protects underlying tissues against damage
Waterproof for the body
To protect deeper structures from microorganisms
To protect against ultra violet radiation
Thermoregulation process
To relay sensory nerve messages
To synthesise vitamin D
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