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lOMoAR cPSD|28775802 PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK 2023/2024 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE Bryant & Stratton College Question 1 out of 421 A nurse is caring for a client who has alcohol use disorder and was admitted with lower -extremity fractures following a mo tor-vehicle crash. A few hours after admission, the client develops restlessness and tremors. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to the client first? A. Acamprosate B. Naltrexone C. Chlordiazepoxide D. Disulfiram Correct Answe r: C. Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide, a long -acting oral benzodiazepine, is a first-line medication for manifestations of acute alcohol withdrawal. For clients who are nauseated or vomiting, another benzodiazepine such as lorazepam can be administered v ia IV. The nurse should apply the acute versus chronic priority -setting framework when caring for this client. In this framework, acute needs (i.e., manifestations of acute alcohol withdrawal) are typically the priority because they pose more of a threat to the client. Since chronic needs usually develop over a period, the client has more of an opportunity to adapt to the alteration in health. Question 2 out of 421 A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is premenopausal and has a prescription f or a combination oral contraceptive. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as an adverse effect of oral contraceptives? A. Bone fractures B. Deep -vein thrombosis C. Increased LDL cholesterol D. Increased risk of breast cancer Correct Answer: B. Deep -vein thrombosis The nurse should include in the teaching that clients who are premenopausal and have a prescription for a combination oral contraceptive containing estrogen are at an increased risk for developing a deep - vein thrombosis, which is an adver se effect of this medication. lOMoAR cPSD|28775802 Question 3 out of 421 A nurse is collecting data from a client who has heart failure and is receiving digoxin. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity? A. RNSuppre ssion of dysrhythmias B. Increase in atrioventricular (AV) conduction C. Visual disturbances D. Weight gain Correct Answer: C. Visual disturbances The nurse should recognize that nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and visual disturbances are common manifestations that can indicate that the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity. Question 4 out of 421 A nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving medication through a transdermal patch. The client is experiencing therapeutic benefits from the medication even though the medication in the patch is no longer active. The nurse should recognize that this is an example of which of the following? A. Pharmacodynamic tolerance B. Placebo effect C. Metabolic tolerance D. Tachyphylaxis Correct Answer: B. Placebo effec t The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing a placebo effect from the medication in the transdermal patch. This occurs when a medication response is caused by psychological factors and not by the biochemical or physiological properties of the medication. Question 5 out of 421 A nurse is caring for a client who is 12 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this client to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? A. Aspirin B. Warfarin C. Ticagrelor D. Enoxaparin lOMoAR cPSD|28775802 Correct Answer: D. Enoxaparin RNThe nurse should anticipate the administration of enoxaparin for a client who is 12 hours postoperative following surgery. Enoxaparin is low -molecular -weight (LMW) heparin that is used to prevent a DVT by inhibiting the effects of antithrombin and thrombin. Question 6 out of 421 A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking duloxetine to treat diabetic neuropathy pain. For which of the following manifestations should the nurse monitor as a potential adverse effect of the medication? A. Urinary frequency B. Increased appetite C. Dry mouth D. Decreased sweating Correct Answer: C. Dry mouth The nurse should monitor the client for dry mouth as a potential adverse effect of duloxetine. Question 7 out of 421 A nurse in a long -term care facility is administering medications to a group of older adult clients. Which of the following factors of pharmacokinetics should the nurse consider when caring for this age group? A. The excretion of medicatio n is reduced. B. The percentage of medication absorbed is increased. C. The liver metabolizes medication more quickly. D. Less medication is stored in fatty tissue. Correct Answer: A. The excretion of medication is reduced. Due to decreased renal function and blood flow, older adult clients do not excrete medications as quickly, which can contribute to the development of toxic levels of medication. Question 8 out of 421 A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving a continuous morphine IV infusion and finds the client's respiratory rate has decreased from 20 to 12/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Flush the IV line with saline lOMoAR cPSD|28775802 B. Administer flumazenil opioid toxicity C. Lower the head of the bed D. RNSlow the rate of the infusion Corre ct Answer: D. Slow the rate of the infusion The nurse should decrease the infusion rate to reduce the amount of morphine the client receives and to lower the risk of respiratory depression. Question 9 out of 421 A nurse is caring for a client who has mult iple sclerosis and neurogenic bladder and is receiving bethanechol. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates a therapeutic action of the medication? A. "My mouth seems very dry lately.” B. "I've noticed my heart beating faster.” C. "I am able to urinate more freely." D. "I've noticed I can take a deep breath more easily.” 75% of exam takers got this question correct.” Correct Answer: C. "I am able to urinate more freely." The nurse should identify that bethanechol is administere d for the treatment of urinary retention. A therapeutic effect is indicated by the client stating that urination now occurs more freely. Question 10 out of 421 A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is taking a medication and notes that the client's blood tests show an elevated level of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The nurse should recognize that these findings are potential indications of which of the following conditions? A. Renal dysfunction B. Myelotoxicity C. Hepatic toxicity D. Cardiac dysrhythmia Correct Answer: C. Hepatic toxicity
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