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Samenvatting Sociale Psychologie
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Uitgebreide samenvatting van Sociale Psychologie, eerstejaars vak in de bachelor Psychologie aan de Vu. Ik heb zelf een 8,7 gehaald door deze samenvatting te leren.
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Social PsychologyLecture 1 Social Psychology
Social psychology the scientifici study of how people think about, relate to, and influence one
another, either interpersonally or within groups.
Levels of analysis:
Intrapersonal processes emotions, cognition: stereotypes
Interpersonal processes how predict relations between people?
Intra-group processes group more than two people
Inter-group processes between groups
Axiom 1 human cognition, emotion, and behavior is a combination of the situation and personal
traits.
The role of the person
Personality psychology
Social neuroscience
Evolutionary psychology
The role of the situation
Marketing persuasion via implicit or explicit processes
Group psychology conformity
Cultural psychology
Axiom 2 people construct their own social reality. Human cognition, emotion, and behavior is
strongly influenced by the situation, or rather, by peoples interpretation of the situation.
Thomas theorem a child’s perception about the existence of ghosts will keep him awake at night,
though they don’t actually exist
if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences
Consequences:
Self-serving interpretations
Motivated reasoning people selectively interpret evidence that supports their worldview
(and ignore evidence that does not support it) subjective beliefs as objective truths.
Ideological conflict it is very difficult to compromise when different parties experience
their moral worldview as an objective truth
Axiom 3 people are social animals other influence most of what people think, feel and do.
Why?:
The need to belong
Evolutionary adaptive early ancestors lived as hunter-gatherers in difficult situations.
Cooperation and group life essential for survival.
,Social Psychology
The social brain hypothesis Dunbar: our complex human brain evolved as a result of our complex
social life.
The herding instinct it is in our nature to desire meaningful relationships with others
Lecture 2 / chapter 11 small group processes
Sociale facilitatie de neiging van mensen om eenvoudige of goed aangeleerde taken beter uit te
voeren wanneer anderen aanwezig zijn.
Sociale faciliteringseffect sociale opwinding uit de aanwezigheid van anderen versterkt de
dominante (de gemakkelijke of goed aangeleerde taken) respons, maar in moeilijke, in ingestudeerde
taken wordt de prestatie belemmerd.
Evaluatievrees ontstaat wanneer we ons zorgen maken over hoe anderen ons evalueren
Social loafing de neiging van mensen om zich minder in te spannen wanneer ze een
gemeenschappelijk doel moeten bereiken dan wanneer ze individueel verantwoordelijk zijn voor het
bereiken van een het doel.
Groepspolarisatie discussies in groepen zorgt ervoor dat de algemene mening van de individuele
groepsleden extremer worden.
Confirmation bias je zoekt naar informatie wat jouw eigen mening valideert.
Politieke extremen:
1. De extreme meningen in een groep worden ervaren met hoog zelfvertrouwen (overtuiging
superioriteit)
2. Deze meningen zijn eigen simpeler
meer zelf overtuiging en zelfvertrouwen maakt iemand niet meer competent
Dunning-kruger effect vooral incompetente mensen hebben teveel zelfvetrouwen
“people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden; not only do these people reach
erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the
metacognitive ability to realize it.”
echte experts zien de complexiteit
groepen zijn meer egoïstisch dan individuen
Knowledge clip 1 exclusion
Buitengesloten worden bedreigd bepaalde behoeften:
, Social Psychology
Erbij horen (belonging)
Controle
Zelfvertrouwen
Betekenisvol bestaan
Knowledge clip 2 groepsdenken
De invloed van groepen op beslissingen:
Groepspolarisatie ook bij beslissingen
“risky shift” fenomeen groepen maken vaak riskantere beslissingen dan individuen. Soms
ook: “cautious shift”
Groepsdenken
De oorzaken van groepsdenken:
Hoge groepscohesie
Groepsisolatie
Een richtgevende leider met een duidelijke visie
Symptomen van groepsdenken:
Overschatting van de groeps capaciteiten en moraliteit
“closed mindedness” rationalisering in plaats van reflecteren op de beslissingen.
stereotyperende meningen over de vijanden
Uniformiteitsdrukken conformiteit, zelfcensuur, illusie van eensgezindheid, mindguards
Hoe voorkom je groepsdenken:
Kritiek
Meningsverschillen
Afwijkende mening van een groepslid
Kritiek van buitenaf
Kritische blikken van externe en onafhankelijke mensen
Lecture 3 / Chapter 3 the self
Self-image or self-concept your answers when you ask yourself: Who am I?
These aspects of your self-concept activate various self-schemes how do you think about yourself
in various domains?
Various selves 1
Individual self what makes me unique?
Relational self which people belong to me?
Collective self of which groups am I a member?
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