Class Notes (Summary) The Unirary System I Anatomy and Physiology
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Course
Anatomy and Physiology
Institution
University Of Santo Tomas
Book
The Urinary System
This text discusses the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. The key functions of the urinary system are eliminating waste products and regulating homeostasis through water balance, electrolyte regulation, and acid-base balance. The organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, ur...
Test Bank of Chapter 15 The Unirary System I Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 11e (Marieb)
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Functions of the Urinary System
! Elimination of waste products
o Nitrogenous wastes
o Toxins
o Drugs
Functions of the Urinary System
! Regulation of aspects of homeostasis
o Water balance
o Electrolytes
o Acid-base balance in the blood
o Blood pressure
o Red blood cell production
o Activation of vitamin D
Organs of the Urinary System
! Kidneys
! Ureters
! Urinary bladder
! Urethra
Kidneys
! Location and structure
o The kidneys are situated against the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal
position (behind the parietal peritoneum)
o The kidneys are situated at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae
o The right kidney is slightly lower than the left (because of position of the liver)
Kidneys
! Location and structure (continued)
o Renal hilum
! A medial indentation where several structures enter or exit the kidney
(ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerves)
o An adrenal gland sits atop each kidney
Kidneys
! Location and structure (continued)
o Fibrous capsule encloses each kidney
o Perirenal fat capsule surrounds the kidney and cushions against blows
o Renal fascia is the outermost capsule that anchors the kidney and adrenal
Kidneys
! Location and structure (continued)
o Three regions revealed in a longitudinal section:
1. Renal cortex—outer region
2. Renal medulla—deeper region
o Renal (medullary) pyramids—triangular regions of tissue in the
medulla
o Renal columns—extensions of cortex-like material that separate
the pyramids
Kidneys
! Location and structure (continued)
o Three regions:
3. Renal pelvis—medial region that is a flat, funnel-shaped tube
o Calyces—cup-shaped extensions of the renal pelvis that enclose
the renal pyramids
o Calyces collect urine and send it to the renal pelvis, on to the
ureter, and to the urinary bladder for storage
Blood Supply
! One-quarter of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each
minute
! Renal artery provides each kidney with arterial blood supply
! Renal artery divides into segmental arteries " interlobar arteries " arcuate arteries
" cortical radiate arteries
Blood Supply
! Venous blood flow
o Cortical radiate veins " arcuate veins à interlobar veins à renal vein
o There are no segmental veins
o Renal vein returns blood to the inferior vena cava
Nephrons
! Nephrons:
o Structural and functional units of the kidneys
o Responsible for forming urine
! Each nephron consists of two main structures:
1. Renal corpuscle
2. Renal tubule
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