MDC1 Exam 1, Rasmussen 2023
5th level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
self-actualization
4th level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Esteem
3ed level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Belonging / Love
What is a priority when making an assessment?
Physiological needs
What is pain
Pain is the 5t...
MDC1 Exam 1, Rasmussen 2023
5th level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
self-actualization
4th level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Esteem
3ed level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Belonging / Love
What is a priority when making an assessment?
Physiological needs
What is pain
Pain is the 5th vital sign, and it is subjective
Cutaneous Pain
superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue
neuropathic pain
- diabetic neuropathy
- postherpetic neuralgia
- Tingling
- phantom limb pain
-Shooting numbness
- Burning Sensation
nociceptive pain
acute pain; a pain sensation that results abruptly. the result of actual or potential tissue
damage or inflammation and is often categorized as being somatic or visceral. (ex. Stub
toe, dental procedures
somatic pain
Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.
acute pain
pain that is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery
Chronic pain
Enduring pain that does not decrease over time ( 6 months or longer) ; may occur in
muscles, joints, and the lower back, and may be caused by enlarged blood vessels
Radiating pain
starts at the origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a sore throat
might extend from ear to head
Referred pain
occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a heart attack might
be felt in the left arm or jaw.
Transmission
occurs as the electrical impulse travels along the nerve fibers, where neurotransmitters
regulate it
Transduction
, the conversion of painful stimuli to an electrical impulse tthe conversion of painful stimuli
to an electrical impulse through peripheral nerve fibers (nociceptors)hrough peripheral
nerve fibers (nociceptors)
Pain threshold
the point at which a person feels pain
Pain tolerance
the amount of pain a person is willing to bear
Perception of awareness of pain
occurs in various areas of the brain, with influences from thought and emotional
processes
Modulation
occurs in the spinal cord causing muscles to contract reflexively, moving the body away
from painful stimuli
Substances that increase pain transmission and cause an inflammatory response
substance p, prostaglandins, bradykinin, histamine
Substances that decrease pain transmission and produce analgesia
serotonin, endorphins
Subjective Data
WHAT THE PATIENT FEELS
Objective Data
WHAT CAN BE MEASURED
RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation - most common first aid treatment of muscular
injuries
Ice or Heat for muscle injuries
Do not apply ice or heat directly to skin
Factors that affect sleep
Insomnia, Narcolepsy, sleep apnea
Insomnia
inability to get an adequate amount of sleep or feel rested. (most common,
acute/chronic/intermittent, woman and older adults more prone
Narcolepsy
sudden attacks of sleep (uncontrollable) and at inappropriate times.
Sleep Apnea
more than five breathing cessations lasting longer than 10 seconds per hour during
sleep, resulting in decreased arterial oxygen saturation levels. (can be central or
obstructive)
Common Nutrition Methods
oral/enteral/parenteral
Nutrition oral
through the oral cavity, regular, pureed, mechanical soft, low residue, high fiber, low
sodium
Nutrition Enteral
NGT, NUT, PEG, G-TUBE; specific formulas depending on the patient's needs
Nutrition Parental
V through a central line, partial or complete
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