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Summary Transnational Politics Exam Cheat Sheet
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Very brief summaries of mandatory readings and lectures from Transnational Politics
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Week 1: Power and Legitimacy in Global PoliticsBevir 2009: Differentiated Polity
Differentiated polity = interdependent organisations such as govs, departments, agencies.
Differentiated polity as representing contrast with concept of unity state; fuzzy boundaries,
power flows all directions.
Debate: Represents fundamental change in governance, gradual change, or abstract concept?
Differentiation may refer to functional differences; may refer to different perceptions within
institutions.
Hurrell and Macdonald 2012: Global public power: the subject of principles of global
political legitimacy”
Global public power = social power within global domain that are proper subjects of
principles of global legitimacy. Also denotes social power within global domain that are
exercised through institutionalised decisions, protects core political values, and satisfies
normative criteria.
Equips us with analytical tools to frame the research agenda on who should be subject to
principles of political legitimacy.
Nye and Keohane 1971: Transnational Relations and World Politics: An Introduction
Transnational relations = interactions as movements of info, money, objects, people, etc.
across state boundaries not controlled by foreign policy organs of govs.
Five major effects of transnational interactions and orgs with (in)direct consequences for
interstate politics: attitude changes, international pluralism, increased constraints on states
through dependence and interdependence, increased ability of govs to influence others, and
emergence of actors with private foreign policy that may oppose/impinge national policy.
Weiss and Wilkinson 2014: Rethinking Global Governance? Complexity, Authority, Power,
Change
Global governance = collective efforts to identify, understand, or address worldwide
problems and processes that went beyond the capacities of individual states. Emerged due to
3 developments: changing character of global problems, nature of factors, perceived
limitations of international measures to govern the planet.
Policy, authority, and resources remain vested in individual states rather than universal
institutions. Use global governance lens to view host of actors and informal processes of
policy and norm formulation and change and action.
Lecture
Hurrell & Macdonald propose that we need to agree what has replaced the unified sovereign
state as the subject of traditional theories of legitimacy. They propose new subject: global
public power.
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, Week 2: Transnational Sustainability Challenges
Auld 2015: Certification as Governance
Certification programmes set standards for responsible business practices for which
producers may be certified to gain access to market benefits. Certification: set standards for
production practices that focus on social/environmental issues, constitute governance
systems, have means of external verification, are voluntary (so incentives are important).
Factors for rise of certification: gov actions, market conditions, agents founding programmes,
internal operations of programmes. Consequences on spatial dimension and being too narrow.
Dauvergne and Lister 2012: Big brand sustainability: governance prospects and
environmental limits
Big brands are defining sustainability in corporate terms and behaving as global
environmental regulators. Strong rise of importance of corporate environmentalism; main
driver is business value (eco-efficiency savings, increased revenues from attracting new
customers, supply chain enhancement). Govs see opportunity to leverage private governance
to advance policies. Big brand governance is not a complete solution to environmental
problems.
Hale 2020: Transnational actors and transnational governance in global environmental
politics
Transnational environmental actors emerged because issues & institutions affecting
environment became more transnational/global, and groups increasingly formed cross-border
networks. New ways for actors to accomplish goals beyond state regulations or interstate
treaties and orgs. No guarantee that transnational actors represent global public.
Lambin, et al. 2018: The role of supply-chain initiatives in reducing deforestation
Four types of initiatives to reduce deforestation: collective aspirations by stakeholders,
company pledges, company codes of conduct, and sectoral standards. Lack of evidence that
these are effective. 3 factors undermine potential: leakage, low and selective adoptions,
unintended social consequences.
Lecture
Transnational sustainability governance through standards emerged as a predominantly non-
state driven phenomenon but is now in transformation, more often involving state
intervention.
Sustainable markets have grown significantly; mainstreaming sustainability. But not
sufficient (shown by deforestation). EU regulations coming forth. But deeper ills of consumer
capitalism remain unaddressed even with state/transnational action.
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