Class notes

Lecture notes Foundations in Sociology

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Leeds Trinity University

These notes consider what capitalism is, what conflict theories are and how this differs from functionalism. It will address how conflict theories try to explain the social world and how conflict theories can help understand why inequality exists in society.

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Uploaded on December 6, 2023
Number of pages 7
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) David stockbridge
Contains All classes

society
capitalism
marxism
communism
power
social change
disintegration
conflict theory

Institution
Leeds Trinity University
Education Unknown
Course Unknown

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29/11/22
How has society changed?
What is Modernity?
Modern society is made possible through industrialisation and advances in
science and technology. Modernity reconfigures the relationship of individuals to
other people and society by promoting individualisation.
1. Advancements in technology
2. Money - Cards - Phones
3. Social classes for particular jobs
4. Dining out - Fast food/Take out
5. Decrease in public transport (Uber is popular)
Key features of Modernity
Science, rationality & politics brings social progress. There is also a
recognized clear social structure - class division, gender roles, and family
norms (marriages and relationships)
Modernity focuses on the way changes are lived
Modernity is about moving away from old traditions, such as god and religion
Modernity changes the CERTAINTIES in life
Believe in Nation State (Macro) – a bounded territory controlled by a centralised
government whose citizens share culture and language.
Recognise Capitalism – modern societies have capitalist bases.
Science and technology - science dominates, secularism replaces religion. Its
rational thought and new technology that drive this.
Individualism (Micro) – customs and traditions become less important as we gain
more personal freedom.

Theory Theory of certainty

, Marxism is certain that social class is the big issue that needs
fixing in society.
Feminism is certain gender disparity is the big issue that needs
fixing in society.
Functionalism is certain that to have a functional society – value
consensus needs to be established.
Symbolic is certain that we put meaning to all the things we
Interactionism see and do.
is certain that by controlling our environment
Modernity through advances in science and technology we can
create certainties in life.
What is a 'Meta Narrative'?
*narrative or story which claims to explain something totally.
Anthony Giddens (1938) -
Defined Modernity as modern society or industrial civilisation.
-> The world is open to transformation
-> Complexity of economic institutions
-> Complexity of political institutions
-> Giddens argued that modernity cannot be explained by a single term
|
-> Argued that there are 4 aspects of modernity
|
-> Capitalism, Industrialisation, Coordinated administrative power focused through
surveillance, Military Power
-> Late modernity (1980 - present day) results from disembedding and
reflexibility
|
-> Disembedding ~ the way in which contemporary social practices can no longer
be primarily defined by their grounding
-> Reflexibility ~ an evaluation of the researcher on the impact on the collection
and analysis of data from beliefs, attitudes, values and reactions to the object of
the study
Ulrich Beck (1944 - 2015) -

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