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Samenvatting Algemene rechtsleer
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Een concrete samenvatting van het vak: "Algemene rechtsleer" - door dit te studeren was ik van de eerste keer (in eerste zit) geslaagd voor dit vak
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ALGEMENE RECHTSLEERINHOUDSOPGAVE
POWERPOINT 1 ............................................................................................................................... 6
1. FUNDAMENTELE VRAGEN BIJ RECHT .................................................................................................. 6
2. WAT IS RECHT .............................................................................................................................. 6
HEBBEN WE EEN DEFINITIE NODIG .................................................................................................................. 6
2.1. TWEE OPVATTINGEN OVER WAT RECHT IS .............................................................................................. 6
2.2. VERGELIJKING MET FAMILIES ............................................................................................................... 6
2.3. GEVOLGEN VAN DE CONVENTIONALISTISCHE OPVATTING .......................................................................... 7
3. FUNDAMENTELE TRANSFORMATIE VAN MENSENMAATSCHAPPIJEN........................................................... 7
3.1. MENSEN ZIJN SOCIALE WEZENS ............................................................................................................ 7
4. VIER SOORTEN GEMEENSCHAPPEN .................................................................................................... 7
4.1. JAGER VOEDSELVERZAMELAARS ........................................................................................................... 7
4.1.1. Gemeenschappelijke kenmerken .............................................................................................. 8
4.1.2. Regels en gebruiken .................................................................................................................. 8
4.1.3. Twee verschillenden soorten clans ........................................................................................... 8
4.2. CHIEFDOMS ..................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2.1. Kenmerken ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2.2. Waarom chiefs?......................................................................................................................... 9
4.2.3. Regels en gebruiken .................................................................................................................. 9
4.3. RIJKEN ............................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3.1. Kenmerken ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3.2. De codex Hammurabi ................................................................................................................ 9
4.3.3. De regels in de rijken ............................................................................................................... 10
4.3.4. Vermoedelijke reguleringsconstanten .................................................................................... 10
4.4. MODERNE STATEN .......................................................................................................................... 10
POWERPOINT 2 ............................................................................................................................. 10
5. VIER SOORTEN STATEN................................................................................................................. 10
5.1. MODERNE STATEN .......................................................................................................................... 10
5.1.1. Geweldmonopolie ................................................................................................................... 11
5.1.2. Verdere ontwikkelingen moderne staten ............................................................................... 11
5.2. GOVERNMENT VS. GOVERNANCE ....................................................................................................... 11
5.2.1. Government ............................................................................................................................ 12
5.2.2. Governance ............................................................................................................................. 12
5.2.3. Governance en de EU .............................................................................................................. 12
6. KENMERKEN VAN RECHT .............................................................................................................. 12
6.1. TWEE BENADERINGEN ...................................................................................................................... 12
6.1.1. Regelgeoriënteerde benadering (RB) – doctrinaire benadering ............................................. 13
,6.1.1.1. Geschreven of ongeschreven ............................................................................................... 13
6.1.2. Gedragsgeoriënteerde benadering – sociologische benadering ............................................. 13
6.2. NORMATIEVE ORDENING .................................................................................................................. 13
6.2.1. Soorten verwachtingen ........................................................................................................... 14
6.2.2. Ordening en soorten samenlevingen ...................................................................................... 14
6.2.2.1. Ordening in weinig complexe samenlevingen ...................................................................... 14
6.2.2.2. Ordening in complexe samenlevingen ................................................................................. 15
6.3. INSTITUTIONELE OORSPRONG ............................................................................................................ 15
6.4. AFDWINGBAARHEID ........................................................................................................................ 15
6.5. IS INTERNATIONAAL RECHT WEL RECHT? .............................................................................................. 16
6.6. EFFECTIEVE NALEVING...................................................................................................................... 16
6.7. EFFECTIEVE HANDHAVING ................................................................................................................. 16
POWERPOINT 3 ............................................................................................................................. 17
7. DE JUISTE ORDENING ................................................................................................................... 17
7.1. DE GRONDSLAG VAN REGELS ............................................................................................................. 17
7.2. DE NORMATIEVE AANVAARDING ........................................................................................................ 17
7.3. WAT ALS EEN REGEL NIET STROOKT? .................................................................................................. 17
8. RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSSTROMINGEN ................................................................................................ 18
8.1. HET BEGRIP RECHTVAARDIGHEID........................................................................................................ 18
8.2. GEDRAGSGEORIËNTEERDE RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSTHEORIEËN.................................................................... 18
8.2.1. Normatieve theorie ................................................................................................................. 19
8.2.1.1. Deugdethische theorie ......................................................................................................... 19
8.2.1.2. Deontologische theorie ........................................................................................................ 19
8.2.1.3. Consequentialistische theorie .............................................................................................. 19
8.3. REGELGEORIËNTEERDE RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSTHEORIEËN ........................................................................ 19
8.3.1. Normatieve theorieën ............................................................................................................. 20
9. RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSSTROMINGEN ................................................................................................ 20
9.1. THEOCRATISCHE STROMING .............................................................................................................. 20
9.2. AUTOCRATISCHE STROMING.............................................................................................................. 20
9.3. DEMOCRATISCHE STROMING ............................................................................................................. 21
9.4. NATUURRECHTELIJKE STROMING........................................................................................................ 21
9.5. UTILITARISTISCHE STROMING ............................................................................................................ 22
POWERPOINT 4 ............................................................................................................................. 22
9.6. HISTORISCHE STROMING .................................................................................................................. 22
9.7. POSITIVISTISCHE STROMING .............................................................................................................. 22
9.7.1. Methodologisch positivisme ................................................................................................... 23
9.7.2. Descriptief positivisme = rechtswetenschappelijk positivisme ............................................... 23
9.7.2.1. Wetspositivisme ................................................................................................................... 23
9.7.2.2. Rechtspraakpositivisme = rechtrealisten ............................................................................. 24
9.8. NOMOCRATISCHE STROMING ............................................................................................................ 24
,9.9. EGALITAIRE STROMING..................................................................................................................... 24
9.10. CAPABILITY APPROACH ................................................................................................................... 25
9.11. OVERZICHT STROMINGEN ............................................................................................................... 25
POWERPOINT 5 ............................................................................................................................. 26
10. FUNCTIES VAN RECHT................................................................................................................. 26
10.1. GROEPSAFSTEMMING ............................................................................................................. 27
10.1.1. BEVORDERING GROEPSCOHESIE .................................................................................................... 27
10.1.2. CONFLICTVERMIJDING................................................................................................................. 27
10.1.2.1. Regels in meer complexe samenlevingen .......................................................................... 28
10.1.3. CONFLICTVERWERKING ............................................................................................................... 28
10.1.3.1. Sociale vrede ...................................................................................................................... 28
10.1.3.2. Conflictverwerkingsmethoden ........................................................................................... 29
10.2. BESLUITVORMING BINNEN DE GROEP ......................................................................................... 30
10.3. ESSENTIE.............................................................................................................................. 31
POWERPOINT 6 ............................................................................................................................. 31
11. FINALITEIT VAN HET RECHT – WAARVOOR ZOU JE HET MOETEN GEBRUIKEN ............................................ 31
11.1. CODIFICATIE ......................................................................................................................... 31
11.2. MODIFICATIE ........................................................................................................................ 32
11.2.1. VIJF TECHNIEKEN DIE DE WELVAARTSTAAT HANTEERD ....................................................................... 32
11.2.2. WELVAART EN WELBEVINDEN....................................................................................................... 33
11.2.3. STAAT ALS TRAUMA BEGELEIDER ................................................................................................... 33
11.2.4. NIEUWE GENERATIE GRONDRECHTEN ............................................................................................ 33
11.2.5. LIMIETEN .................................................................................................................................. 34
11.2.6. INSTRUMENTALISERING VS. WAARBORGFUNCTIE.............................................................................. 34
POWERPOINT 7 ............................................................................................................................. 35
12. OVERZICHT.............................................................................................................................. 35
12.1. WAT IS EEN NORM ................................................................................................................. 35
12.2. DESCRIPTIEVE NORMEN (DN) ................................................................................................... 36
12.3. PRESCRIPTIEVE NORMEN (PN) .................................................................................................. 36
12.4. RECHT ................................................................................................................................. 36
12.5. VERSCHIL TUSSEN RG EN RB .................................................................................................... 37
12.6. TALIGE UITDRUKKING VAN GEDRAGSVOORSCHRIFTEN .................................................................... 37
12.6.1. VERIFIEERBARE UITSPRAKEN ......................................................................................................... 37
12.6.1.1. Empirische uitspraken ........................................................................................................ 38
12.6.1.2. Logische of definiërende uitspraken .................................................................................. 38
12.6.2. GELOOFSUITSPRAKEN ................................................................................................................. 38
12.6.3. WAARDERINGSUITSPRAKEN ......................................................................................................... 38
12.6.3.1. Descriptieve waarderingsuitspraken .................................................................................. 39
, 12.6.3.2. Prescriptieve waarderingsuitspraken ................................................................................. 39
12.6.3.2.1. Uitdrukking van prescriptieve normen ............................................................................ 40
12.6.4. PERFORMATIEVE UITSPRAKEN ...................................................................................................... 40
POWERPOINT 8 ............................................................................................................................. 40
13. ALGEMENE BESTANDSDELEN VAN REGELS ....................................................................................... 40
13.1. NORMSTELLER ...................................................................................................................... 40
13.2. NORMBESTEMMELING ............................................................................................................ 41
13.3. VOORGESCHREVEN GEDRAG ..................................................................................................... 41
13.3.1. REGULTATIEVE UITSPRAKEN ......................................................................................................... 42
13.3.2. VERDUIDELIJKENDE UITSPRAKEN ................................................................................................... 43
13.3.3. VERANDERENDE EN VERWIJZENDE UITSPRAKEN ............................................................................... 43
13.3.4. CONSTITUTIEVE UITSPRAKEN ........................................................................................................ 44
13.3.4.1. Verhouding tot nominale definities ................................................................................... 44
POWERPOINT 9 ............................................................................................................................. 45
14. ALGEMENE BESTANDDELEN VAN REGELS (DEEL 2)............................................................................. 45
14.1. MODALITEITEN...................................................................................................................... 45
14.1.1. POSITIEVE OF NEGATIEVE TOELATING ............................................................................................. 45
14.1.2. VERHOUDING TUSSEN MODALITEITEN ............................................................................................ 46
14.1.3. PLICHT VS. VERBOD .................................................................................................................... 46
14.1.4. NEGATIEVE TOELATING VS. PLICHT ................................................................................................ 47
14.1.5. POSITIEVE TOELATING VS. VERBOD ................................................................................................ 47
14.1.6. POSITIEVE VS. NEGATIEVE TOELATING ............................................................................................ 47
14.1.7. PLITCH VS. POSITIEVE TOELATING .................................................................................................. 48
14.1.8. VERBOD VS. NEGATIEVE TOELATING............................................................................................... 48
14.1.9. OVERZICHT SCHEMA ................................................................................................................... 48
14.2. RECHTEN EN PLICHTEN ............................................................................................................ 48
14.2.1. DRIE SOORTEN SUBJECTIEVE RECHTEN............................................................................................ 49
14.2.2. BEVOEGDHEID VS. AANSPRAKEN ................................................................................................... 49
14.3. PRIMAIRE RECHTEN (EN TEGENHANGERS) .................................................................................... 49
14.3.1. PLICT VS. AANSPRAAK ................................................................................................................. 49
14.3.2. PLICHT VS. VRIJHEID ................................................................................................................... 50
14.3.3. AANSPRAAK VS. GEEN AANSPRAAK ................................................................................................ 50
14.3.4. VRIJHEID VS. GEEN AANSPRAAK .................................................................................................... 50
14.3.5. PLICHT VS. GEEN AANSPRAAK ....................................................................................................... 50
14.3.6. AANSPRAAK VS. VRIJHEID ............................................................................................................ 51
14.3.7. OVERZICHT SCHEMA ................................................................................................................... 51
14.4. SECUNDAIRE RECHTEN (EN TEGENHANGERS) ................................................................................ 52
14.4.1. DE BEGRIPPEN ........................................................................................................................... 52
14.4.2. BEVOEGDHEID VS. GEBONDENHEID ............................................................................................... 52
14.4.3. BEVOEGDHEID VS. ONBEVOEGDHEID ............................................................................................. 53
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