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Samenvatting Verbintenissenrecht Ugent
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Samenvatting verbintenissenrecht (tot en met deel 8) - heel goede samenvatting, door het studeren hiervan was ik in eerste zit erdoor voor dit vak
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VERBINTENISSENRECHTINHOUDSOPGAVE
1. INLEIDING + HOOFDSTUK 1 ...................................................................................................... 8
1.1. BRONNEN VAN VERBINTENISSEN ................................................................................................... 8
1.2. HET CONTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 10
1.3. BRONNEN VAN CONTRACTEN ..................................................................................................... 10
1.3.1. VOORBEELD SCHIJNLEER ................................................................................................................ 11
1.4. BRONNEN VAN VERBINTENISSENRECHT......................................................................................... 11
1.5. HET LEVEN VAN EEN CONTRACT .................................................................................................. 12
2. HOOFDSTUK 2 ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.1. DOELSTELLINGEN BOEK 5 .......................................................................................................... 13
2.2. WERKING IN DE TIJD................................................................................................................. 13
DEEL I: CONTRACTVRIJHEID – GEBONDENHEID – FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN ................................. 14
3. HOOFDSTUK 1 ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.1. INLEIDING .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.2. BINDENDE KRACHT .................................................................................................................. 14
4. HOOFDSTUK 2 ........................................................................................................................ 14
4.1. CONTRACTVRIJHEID ................................................................................................................. 14
5. HOOFDSTUK 3 ........................................................................................................................ 14
5.1. CONTRACTUELE GEBONDENDHEID ............................................................................................... 14
6. HOOFDSTUK 4 ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.1. BEPERKINGEN ......................................................................................................................... 14
6.1.1. OPENBARE ORDE ......................................................................................................................... 15
6.1.2. FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN ............................................................................................................. 15
6.1.3. VERBOD VAN RECHTSMISBRUIK ...................................................................................................... 15
6.1.4. FRAUS OMNIA CORRUMPIT ............................................................................................................ 16
6.1.5. VERBOD WETSONTDUIKING ........................................................................................................... 17
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,6.1.6. BUITENCONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID ..................................................................................... 17
DEEL II – ONTSTAAN EN GELDIGHEID CONTRACTEN ...................................................................... 17
7. HOOFDSTUK 1 ........................................................................................................................ 17
7.1. PRECONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID....................................................................................... 17
7.2. ONDERHANDELINGEN ............................................................................................................... 18
7.2.1. NIET FOUTIEF AFBREKEN/ONRECHTMATIG WEIGEREN ......................................................................... 18
7.2.2. INFORMATIEPLICHT NAKOMEN ....................................................................................................... 19
7.3. AFSPRAKEN TIJDENS ONDERHANDELINGEN .................................................................................... 19
7.3.1. SANCTIES OPTIECONTRACT/VOORKEURRECHT ................................................................................... 20
7.3.2. SPECIFIEKE BEDINGEN TIJDENS ONDERHANDELINGSFASE...................................................................... 20
8. HOOFDSTUK 2 ........................................................................................................................ 21
8.1. CONSENSUALISME EN FORMALITEITEN.......................................................................................... 21
8.2. FUNCTIES VAN VORMVEREISTEN ................................................................................................. 21
8.2.1. FORMALITEITEN VOOR DE TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ............................................................................... 21
8.2.2. FORMALITEITEN ALS BEWIJS ........................................................................................................... 22
8.2.3. FORMALITEITEN VOOR VASTE DATUM .............................................................................................. 22
8.3. WILSOVEREENSTEMMING.......................................................................................................... 22
8.3.1. AANBOD .................................................................................................................................... 22
8.3.1.1. Geldigheid van het aanbod .................................................................................................. 23
8.3.2. AANVAARDING ............................................................................................................................ 23
8.4. BEDOELING JURIDISCH TE VERBINDEN........................................................................................... 24
8.5. ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN ...................................................................................................... 24
8.6. BATTLE OF THE FORMS.............................................................................................................. 25
8.7. GELDIGHEIDSBEPERKINGEN ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN ................................................................... 25
9. HOOFDSTUK 3 - GELDIGHEIDSGEBREKEN ............................................................................... 25
9.1. GEBREK IN DE WIL VAN DE PARTIJEN ............................................................................................ 25
9.1.1. BEWUSTZIJNSVERLIES ................................................................................................................... 26
9.1.2. DE WILSGEBREKEN ....................................................................................................................... 26
9.1.3. WILSGEBREKEN (OVERZICHT) ......................................................................................................... 26
9.2. GEBREK IN RECHTS-OF HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID ........................................................................ 27
9.3. VOORWERP = L’ OBJECT ............................................................................................................ 27
9.4. OORZAAK = CAUSE .................................................................................................................. 28
9.5. BENADELING (ONEVENWICHT IN DE PRESTATIES) ............................................................................ 29
9.5.1. DE WETTELIJKE UITZONDERINGEN INZAKE BENADELING ....................................................................... 29
9.6. STRIJDIGHEID MET OPENBARE ORDE/DWINGEND RECHT ................................................................... 30
10. HOOFDSTUK 4 – NIETIGVERKLARING EN VERVAL.................................................................. 32
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,10.1. NIETIGVERKLARING EN RESTITUTIE ............................................................................................. 32
10.1.1. DROIT DE CRITIQUE .................................................................................................................... 32
10.1.2. HOE NIETIGVERKLAREN? ............................................................................................................. 32
10.1.2.1. Minnelijke nietigverklaring................................................................................................. 32
10.1.2.2. Rechterlijke nietiverklaring ................................................................................................ 32
10.1.2.3. Eenzijdige vernietiging ....................................................................................................... 33
10.1.3. ONDERSCHEID ABSOLUTE EN RELATIEVE NIETIGHEID ......................................................................... 34
10.1.3.1. Toepassingsvoorwaarden voor afstand ............................................................................. 34
10.1.4. VERWEERMIDDELEN TEN AANZIEN VAN EEN NIETIGVERKLARING ......................................................... 34
10.1.4.1. Verjaringstermijnen ........................................................................................................... 34
10.1.5. HOE VER RIJKT DE NIETIGVERKLARING? .......................................................................................... 35
10.2. RESTITUTIE........................................................................................................................... 35
10.2.1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................. 35
10.2.2. WERKING VAN RESTITUTIE ........................................................................................................... 35
10.2.3. SCHADEVERGOEDING BIJ RESTITUTIE? ............................................................................................ 37
10.2.4. ZAKELIJKE WERKING VERNIETIGING................................................................................................ 37
10.3. VERVAL (CADUCITÉ) ............................................................................................................... 37
10.3.1. ONDER HET OUDE RECHT............................................................................................................. 37
10.3.2. ONDER HET NIEUWE RECHT ......................................................................................................... 38
11. HOOFDSTUK 4 – VERTEGENWOORDIGING ............................................................................ 38
11.1. VERTEGENWOORDIGING ......................................................................................................... 38
11.1.1. SOORTEN VERTEGENWOORDIGING ................................................................................................ 38
11.2. GEVOLGEN VAN VERTEGENWOORDIGING .................................................................................... 38
11.2.1. SCHIJNVERTEGENWOORDIGING .................................................................................................... 39
11.2.2. BELANGENCONFLICTEN ............................................................................................................... 39
DEEL III: INHOUD EN WERKING VAN CONTRACTEN ....................................................................... 39
12. HOOFDSTUK 1 – TEN AANZIEN VAN PARTIJEN ...................................................................... 39
12.1. INHOUD VAN HET CONTRACT .................................................................................................... 39
12.1.1. INTERPRETATIE .......................................................................................................................... 39
12.1.1.1. De regels van interpretatie ................................................................................................ 40
12.1.1.2. Interpretatievrijheid van de rechter................................................................................... 41
12.1.2. KWALIFICATIE............................................................................................................................ 41
12.1.3. AANVULLING............................................................................................................................. 42
12.1.4. MATIGING ................................................................................................................................ 42
12.2. SPECIFIEKE ASPECTEN (KUNNEN GEREGELD WORDEN IN HET CONTRACT)............................................. 42
12.2.1. INUITU PERSONAE ...................................................................................................................... 42
12.2.2. OPEISBAARHEID......................................................................................................................... 43
12.2.2.1. Opschortende voorwaarde ................................................................................................ 43
12.2.2.2. Opschortende termijn ........................................................................................................ 44
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, 12.2.2.3. Ontbindende voorwaarde .................................................................................................. 45
12.2.2.4. Uitdovende termijn ............................................................................................................ 45
12.2.3. DUUR VAN CONTRACTUELE VERBINTENISSEN .................................................................................. 45
12.2.4. WEDERZIJDSE OF MINNELIJKE OPZEGGING ...................................................................................... 46
12.2.5. EENZIJDIGE OPZEGGING .............................................................................................................. 46
12.2.6. GOEDENRECHTELIJKE GEVOLGEN .................................................................................................. 47
13. HOOFDSTUK 2 – TEN AANZIEN VAN DERDEN ........................................................................ 48
13.1. CONCEPTEN ......................................................................................................................... 48
13.2. TWEE BEGINSELEN ................................................................................................................. 48
13.3. RELATIVITEIT EN UITZONDERINGEN ............................................................................................ 48
13.3.1. DERDENBEDING ......................................................................................................................... 49
13.3.2. RECHTSTREEKSE VORDERING UIT DE WET........................................................................................ 49
13.3.3. KWALITATIEVE RECHTEN.............................................................................................................. 52
13.4. GELIJKENISSEN EN VERSCHILLEN TUSSEN DE DRIE UITZONDERINGEN ................................................... 52
13.4.1. STERKMAKING ........................................................................................................................... 53
13.4.2. ZIJDELINGSE VORDERING ............................................................................................................. 53
13.5. TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ............................................................................................................ 53
13.5.1. WETTELIJKE FORMALITEITEN ........................................................................................................ 53
13.5.2. TEGENWERPELIJKHEID IN HET NADEEL VAN DE DERDE ....................................................................... 54
13.5.3. TEGENWERPELIJKHEID IN HET VOORDEEL VAN DE DERDE ................................................................... 54
13.6. UITZONDERINGEN OP DE TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ............................................................................ 54
13.6.1. PAULIAANSE VORDERING/ ACTIO PAULIANA .................................................................................... 55
13.6.2. VEINZING OF SIMULATIE .............................................................................................................. 55
DEEL IV: WANPRESTATIE, VERZUIM EN SANCTIES.......................................................................... 56
14. HOOFDSTUK 1 – WANPRESTATIE .......................................................................................... 56
14.1. WANPRESTATIE STAPPEN ........................................................................................................ 56
14.1.1. IS ER SPRAKE VAN CONTRACTBREUK? ............................................................................................. 56
14.1.2. VERZUIM/ INGEBREKESTELLING .................................................................................................... 56
14.1.2.1. Wat zijn de gevolgen van een ingebrekestelling? .............................................................. 57
14.1.3. SANCTIES – KEUZE VAN DE SE (ART. 5.83 EN 5.224 BW)................................................................. 58
14.1.4. BUITENCONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID ................................................................................... 58
14.2. SAMENLOOP – HULPPERSONEN (QUASI-IMMUNITEITEN) ................................................................ 59
14.2.1. SITUATIE 1................................................................................................................................ 60
14.2.2. SITUATIE 2................................................................................................................................ 60
14.3. VOORBEELD CASUS ................................................................................................................ 61
14.3. SANCTIES .......................................................................................................................... 61
14.3.1. SANCTIE I: UITVOERING IN NATURA DOOR SA ........................................................................... 61
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