Amsco APW Lesson 1.2 verified to pass 2023/2024

Amsco APW Lesson 1.2 After Muhammad's death in 632 - correct answers Islam spread rapidly outward from Arabia and their reach spread from India to Spain Most Islamic leaders showed tolerance to - correct answers Christians, Jews, and others who believed in a single god and did good works Challenges the Abbasid Empire faced - correct answers They had conflicts with nomadic groups in Central Asia and confronted European invaders Egyptian Mamluks - correct answers Arabs often purchased enslaved people - Mamluks - to serve as soldiers and later as bureacrats; Mamluks in Egypt managed to seize control of the government creating the Mamluk Sultanate Mamluks - correct answers were often Turks from Central Asia and had more opportunities for advancement than did most enslaved people Mamluk Sultanate - correct answers ; prospered by facilitating cotton and sugar trade between the Islamic world and Europe, but declined when the Portuguese and other Europeans made new sea trade routes Seljuk Turks - correct answers Muslim Turks who began conquering parts of the Middle East in the 11th century and eventually extended their power to Western China; the Seljuk leader called himself a sultan which reduced the role of the highest-ranking Abbasid from caliph to chief Sunni religious authority Crusaders - correct answers European Christians who organized to fight the Seljuk Turks in an attempt to regain access to the holy land which the Abbasids originally allowed them to do Mongols - correct answers People from Central Asia and were the fourth group to attack the Abbasid Empire; they conquered the empire in 1258 and ended the Seljuks rule Baghdad's decline - correct answers Baghdad was originally a trade center, but as trade routes moved more north, it lost its place as a trade center; it lost wealth and population, couldn't afford to keep its canals repaired, and farmers couldn't provide enough food for the urban population Overtime, the Islamic world - correct answers fragmented politically Later Islamic states - correct answers many adopted Abbasid practices but were shaped by Turkic peoples descended from those in Central Asia Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire - correct answers three large Islamic states that had their roots in Turkic cultures - 16th century Muhammad's advice - correct answers "Go in quest of knowledge even unto China" Islamic peoples learned from many cultures, therefore - correct answers carrying on the work of earlier thinkers How Islamic people carried on earlier works - correct answers They translated Greek literary classics into Arabic, studied mathematics texts from India and transferred the knowledge to Europe, and adopted paper making techniques from China and the Europeans learned from them Nasiral-Din al-Tusi - correct answers () one of the most celebrated Islamic scholars and contributed to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine; he studied the relationship between the lengths of the sides of a triangle and the angles Ibn Khaldun () - correct answers well known for his historical accounts and is widely acknowledged as a founder of the fields of historiography and sociology Aishah al-Ba'uniyyah - correct answers () A female Sufi poet and mystic who may be the most prolific one before the 20th century; her poetry reflects a contrast between most Muslims and Sufis