,Clark: Biotechnology, 2nd Edition
Chapter 1: Basics of Biotechnology
1. Which of the following statements has no bearing on cancer?
a. As cancer develops, at least two mutations are required.
*b. Mutations on embryonic development are very deleterious.
c. For microtumors to continue growing, angiogenesis is required.
d. Somatic mutations after the organism reaches maturity may be involved in cancer.
2. Which of the following statements about causes of cancer is NOT true?
a. Cancer-causing agents are called carcinogens.
b. Cancers occur more often in tissues that have growing, dividing cells.
*c. Nerves and muscles grow quickly and account for more than half of all cancers.
d. Cigarettes, harmful chemicals, and nuclear radiation may all contribute to cancer.
e. Carcinogens are also usually mutagen
3. Which of the following happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
a. Externals factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
b. The phase of cell cycle when DNA is replicated and chromosomes are duplicated.
*c. During this phase of cell cycle, the cell increases in size.
d. G1 factors prevent the ending of M phase
4. Which of the following happen during the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. Externals factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
*b. The phase of cell cycle when DNA is replicated and chromosomes are duplicated.
c. During this phase of cell cycle, the cell increases in size.
d. G1 factors prevent the ending of M phase
5. Cyclin-dependent kinases are
*a. Factors that bind to cyclin, and then phosphorylate other proteins to initiate the next
phase of the cell cycle
b. External factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
c. Proteins that removes phosphates from cyclins and prevents the cell cycle from
progressing
d. All of the above are correct
6. Growth factors are
a. Factors that bind to cyclin and then phosphorylate other proteins to initiate the next
phase of the cell cycle
*b. External factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
c. Proteins that remove phosphates from cyclins and prevent the cell cycle from
progressing
d. A and B are correct
,7. Which of the following domains are not part of a growth factor receptor?
a. Extracellular binding site
b. Transmitter region
c. Tyrosine kinase domain
*d. Oncogene domain
8. The extracellular binding site of a growth factor receptor
*a. Is the portion of the protein that receives its specific signal molecule or growth factor
b. Is the hydrophobic portion of the receptor
c. Dimerizes and initiates a phosphorylation cascade
d. Only attaches to the cell via integrins
9. The tyrosine kinase domain of a growth factor receptor
a. Is the portion of the protein that receives its specific signal molecule or growth factor
b. Is the hydrophobic portion of the receptor
*c. Dimerizes and initiates a phosphorylation cascade after a signal is received
d. Only attaches to the cell via integrins
10. Susceptibility genes are
a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
*c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
11. Oncogenes are
a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
*b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
12. Anti-oncogenes are
*a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
13. With respect to the growth of cells in culture, which of the following statements is
NOT true?
a. Healthy cells that pick up DNA from cancerous cells are said to be transformed.
*b. Normal cultured cells grow on top of each other and aggregate into heaps.
c. Transformed cell in culture can be injected into mice and tumors will form.
d. Cancerous cells exhibit anchorage independence in which they can move around and
proliferate in an "incorrect" position in the body.
, 14. Which of the following are NOT factors involved in the control of cell division of
specific tissues.
a. Transcription factors
b. Cell surface receptors
*c. Transport proteins
d. Growth factors
e. Signal transduction proteins
15. Which of the following is NOT true of the oncogenic form of RAS protein?
a. It receives signals from outside the cell.
b. It binds GTP to turn itself on but cannot split the GTP to turn itself off.
*c. It floods the cell with cell division signals for short periods of time.
d. The oncogenic RAS differs from the normal protein at position 12, 13, or 61.
e. Oncogenic RAS is frequently detected in cancer of the lung, colon, and thyroid.
16. Myc can become an oncogene by which of the following mechanisms?
a. A single base change is involved in converting the protein to a form that is always
active.
b. The myc gene is mistakenly duplicated 50-100 times.
c. A chromosomal translocation leaves the gene under control of a much more highly
active promoter.
d. All of the above.
*e. Some of the above.
17. Which of the following statement regarding anti-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor
genes is NOT true?
a. Both copies must be mutated in order for cancer to initiate,
b. The Rb gene has been named for the rare cancer of the retina.
c. Mutations in these genes are recessive.
d. Some anti-oncogenes are very tumor specific.
*e. Wild-type anti-oncogene products act directly on oncogene products to suppress
cancer.
18. The protein, p53, is
a. An anti-oncogene activated by another and blocks the action of all cyclins.
*b. An anti-oncogene that gives a dominant negative phenotype.
c. An anti-oncogene located on chromosome 16 and blocks the action of cyclin A.
d. An anti-oncogene blocks cyclin E, stopping cell cycle just before S phase.
19. The protein, p21, is
*a. An anti-oncogene activated by another and blocks the action of all cyclins.
b. An anti-oncogene that gives a dominant negative phenotype.
c. An anti-oncogene located on chromosome 16 and blocks the action of cyclin A.
d. An anti-oncogene blocks cyclin E, stopping cell cycle just before S phase.
Chapter 1: Basics of Biotechnology
1. Which of the following statements has no bearing on cancer?
a. As cancer develops, at least two mutations are required.
*b. Mutations on embryonic development are very deleterious.
c. For microtumors to continue growing, angiogenesis is required.
d. Somatic mutations after the organism reaches maturity may be involved in cancer.
2. Which of the following statements about causes of cancer is NOT true?
a. Cancer-causing agents are called carcinogens.
b. Cancers occur more often in tissues that have growing, dividing cells.
*c. Nerves and muscles grow quickly and account for more than half of all cancers.
d. Cigarettes, harmful chemicals, and nuclear radiation may all contribute to cancer.
e. Carcinogens are also usually mutagen
3. Which of the following happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
a. Externals factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
b. The phase of cell cycle when DNA is replicated and chromosomes are duplicated.
*c. During this phase of cell cycle, the cell increases in size.
d. G1 factors prevent the ending of M phase
4. Which of the following happen during the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. Externals factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
*b. The phase of cell cycle when DNA is replicated and chromosomes are duplicated.
c. During this phase of cell cycle, the cell increases in size.
d. G1 factors prevent the ending of M phase
5. Cyclin-dependent kinases are
*a. Factors that bind to cyclin, and then phosphorylate other proteins to initiate the next
phase of the cell cycle
b. External factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
c. Proteins that removes phosphates from cyclins and prevents the cell cycle from
progressing
d. All of the above are correct
6. Growth factors are
a. Factors that bind to cyclin and then phosphorylate other proteins to initiate the next
phase of the cell cycle
*b. External factors that bind to receptors and promote synthesis of cyclin D
c. Proteins that remove phosphates from cyclins and prevent the cell cycle from
progressing
d. A and B are correct
,7. Which of the following domains are not part of a growth factor receptor?
a. Extracellular binding site
b. Transmitter region
c. Tyrosine kinase domain
*d. Oncogene domain
8. The extracellular binding site of a growth factor receptor
*a. Is the portion of the protein that receives its specific signal molecule or growth factor
b. Is the hydrophobic portion of the receptor
c. Dimerizes and initiates a phosphorylation cascade
d. Only attaches to the cell via integrins
9. The tyrosine kinase domain of a growth factor receptor
a. Is the portion of the protein that receives its specific signal molecule or growth factor
b. Is the hydrophobic portion of the receptor
*c. Dimerizes and initiates a phosphorylation cascade after a signal is received
d. Only attaches to the cell via integrins
10. Susceptibility genes are
a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
*c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
11. Oncogenes are
a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
*b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
12. Anti-oncogenes are
*a. Genes involved in suppressing the growth of cancer
b. Genes that cause cancer with a dominant phenotype
c. Genes passed from one generation to the next that lead to hereditary increased
incidence of cancer
d. Genes that make you more susceptible to viral infections
13. With respect to the growth of cells in culture, which of the following statements is
NOT true?
a. Healthy cells that pick up DNA from cancerous cells are said to be transformed.
*b. Normal cultured cells grow on top of each other and aggregate into heaps.
c. Transformed cell in culture can be injected into mice and tumors will form.
d. Cancerous cells exhibit anchorage independence in which they can move around and
proliferate in an "incorrect" position in the body.
, 14. Which of the following are NOT factors involved in the control of cell division of
specific tissues.
a. Transcription factors
b. Cell surface receptors
*c. Transport proteins
d. Growth factors
e. Signal transduction proteins
15. Which of the following is NOT true of the oncogenic form of RAS protein?
a. It receives signals from outside the cell.
b. It binds GTP to turn itself on but cannot split the GTP to turn itself off.
*c. It floods the cell with cell division signals for short periods of time.
d. The oncogenic RAS differs from the normal protein at position 12, 13, or 61.
e. Oncogenic RAS is frequently detected in cancer of the lung, colon, and thyroid.
16. Myc can become an oncogene by which of the following mechanisms?
a. A single base change is involved in converting the protein to a form that is always
active.
b. The myc gene is mistakenly duplicated 50-100 times.
c. A chromosomal translocation leaves the gene under control of a much more highly
active promoter.
d. All of the above.
*e. Some of the above.
17. Which of the following statement regarding anti-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor
genes is NOT true?
a. Both copies must be mutated in order for cancer to initiate,
b. The Rb gene has been named for the rare cancer of the retina.
c. Mutations in these genes are recessive.
d. Some anti-oncogenes are very tumor specific.
*e. Wild-type anti-oncogene products act directly on oncogene products to suppress
cancer.
18. The protein, p53, is
a. An anti-oncogene activated by another and blocks the action of all cyclins.
*b. An anti-oncogene that gives a dominant negative phenotype.
c. An anti-oncogene located on chromosome 16 and blocks the action of cyclin A.
d. An anti-oncogene blocks cyclin E, stopping cell cycle just before S phase.
19. The protein, p21, is
*a. An anti-oncogene activated by another and blocks the action of all cyclins.
b. An anti-oncogene that gives a dominant negative phenotype.
c. An anti-oncogene located on chromosome 16 and blocks the action of cyclin A.
d. An anti-oncogene blocks cyclin E, stopping cell cycle just before S phase.
