Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
Chapter 08: Water and Minerals
Grodner et al.: Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications: A Nursing
Approach, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If a woman who drinks a cup of decaffeinated coffee in the morning, a cup of fruit juice with
lunch, 6 cups of water throughout the day, and a cup of tea at bedtime, her fluid intake would
be considered
a. dangerously low.
b. below optimal.
c. optimal.
d. too high.
ANS: C
This woman’s total fluid intake for the day is 9 cups, the recommended amount for women.
Minimum fluid intake for health is around 4 cups; intake below this would be considered
dangerously low. Fluid intake can be too high, but the specific amount that causes water
intoxication is unknown.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 130
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment | Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Having only softened tap water at home would be of most concern to a(n)
a. pregnant woman.
NU
b. full-time student who also RSIpart-time.
works NGTB.COM
c. elderly woman with osteoporosis.
d. retired man with hypertension.
ANS: D
Softened water has relatively high levels of sodium, which exacerbates hypertension in
salt-sensitive individuals. It is not ideal for anyone to drink softened water on a regular basis,
but it is of special concern for someone with hypertension. Someone who is retired is more
likely to drink beverages made with tap water at home. An elderly woman with osteoporosis
would benefit from the calcium in hard water, but this is less of a concern. A student who is
gone at work or school most of the day would not consume much of the softened tap water.
Sodium intake is not a specific concern in pregnancy.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 130
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Interstitial fluid is the body fluid
a. within the cells.
b. outside the cells.
c. between the cells.
d. in the bloodstream.
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between the cells. The fluid within the cells is intracellular
fluid; the fluid outside the cells is extracellular fluid; the fluid in the bloodstream is blood
plasma.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: Page 131
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
4. Dehydration is most likely to have a negative effect on
a. digestion of food.
b. storage of excess energy.
c. nerve impulse conduction.
d. body temperature regulation.
ANS: D
Within the body, water helps to regulate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
throughout the body and through perspiration. Digestion of food requires secretion of
digestive fluids, but this is less immediately affected by dehydration. Water is not needed to
store excess energy in adipose tissue. Water is not important for this conduction of nerve
impulses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 131 | Page 132
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
5. It would be most difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis if over several days someone
had an inadequate intake of
a. calcium.
b. sodium.
c. iron. NURSINGTB.COM
d. fluoride.
ANS: B
Homeostasis is maintenance of physiologic equilibrium within the body. All of these minerals
help maintain homeostasis, but inadequate intake of sodium over just a few days would have
the most effect. Sodium is an electrolyte and is important for maintaining fluid balance in the
body. If calcium intake is inadequate, the body can draw on reserves in bone; if iron intake is
inadequate, the body has some reserves in the spleen, and so body homeostasis would not be
affected unless the deficiency continued long term. Fluoride deficiency may cause dental
caries and may affect bone density, but this is also a long-term effect and would not affect the
body over a few days.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
REF: Page 133 | Page 138 | Page 142 | Page 147 | Page 151
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
6. If an athlete ran a marathon, sweated profusely, and drank only water with some sugar to
replace fluids and carbohydrate, his or her body would increase secretion of
a. adrenaline.
b. aldosterone.
c. alanine.
d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ANS: B
NURSINGTB.COM
Chapter 08: Water and Minerals
Grodner et al.: Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications: A Nursing
Approach, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If a woman who drinks a cup of decaffeinated coffee in the morning, a cup of fruit juice with
lunch, 6 cups of water throughout the day, and a cup of tea at bedtime, her fluid intake would
be considered
a. dangerously low.
b. below optimal.
c. optimal.
d. too high.
ANS: C
This woman’s total fluid intake for the day is 9 cups, the recommended amount for women.
Minimum fluid intake for health is around 4 cups; intake below this would be considered
dangerously low. Fluid intake can be too high, but the specific amount that causes water
intoxication is unknown.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 130
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment | Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Having only softened tap water at home would be of most concern to a(n)
a. pregnant woman.
NU
b. full-time student who also RSIpart-time.
works NGTB.COM
c. elderly woman with osteoporosis.
d. retired man with hypertension.
ANS: D
Softened water has relatively high levels of sodium, which exacerbates hypertension in
salt-sensitive individuals. It is not ideal for anyone to drink softened water on a regular basis,
but it is of special concern for someone with hypertension. Someone who is retired is more
likely to drink beverages made with tap water at home. An elderly woman with osteoporosis
would benefit from the calcium in hard water, but this is less of a concern. A student who is
gone at work or school most of the day would not consume much of the softened tap water.
Sodium intake is not a specific concern in pregnancy.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 130
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Interstitial fluid is the body fluid
a. within the cells.
b. outside the cells.
c. between the cells.
d. in the bloodstream.
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between the cells. The fluid within the cells is intracellular
fluid; the fluid outside the cells is extracellular fluid; the fluid in the bloodstream is blood
plasma.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: Page 131
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
4. Dehydration is most likely to have a negative effect on
a. digestion of food.
b. storage of excess energy.
c. nerve impulse conduction.
d. body temperature regulation.
ANS: D
Within the body, water helps to regulate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
throughout the body and through perspiration. Digestion of food requires secretion of
digestive fluids, but this is less immediately affected by dehydration. Water is not needed to
store excess energy in adipose tissue. Water is not important for this conduction of nerve
impulses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 131 | Page 132
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
5. It would be most difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis if over several days someone
had an inadequate intake of
a. calcium.
b. sodium.
c. iron. NURSINGTB.COM
d. fluoride.
ANS: B
Homeostasis is maintenance of physiologic equilibrium within the body. All of these minerals
help maintain homeostasis, but inadequate intake of sodium over just a few days would have
the most effect. Sodium is an electrolyte and is important for maintaining fluid balance in the
body. If calcium intake is inadequate, the body can draw on reserves in bone; if iron intake is
inadequate, the body has some reserves in the spleen, and so body homeostasis would not be
affected unless the deficiency continued long term. Fluoride deficiency may cause dental
caries and may affect bone density, but this is also a long-term effect and would not affect the
body over a few days.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
REF: Page 133 | Page 138 | Page 142 | Page 147 | Page 151
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
6. If an athlete ran a marathon, sweated profusely, and drank only water with some sugar to
replace fluids and carbohydrate, his or her body would increase secretion of
a. adrenaline.
b. aldosterone.
c. alanine.
d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ANS: B
NURSINGTB.COM
