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Samenvatting internationaal recht I
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INTERNATIONAALRECHT
1
,Inhoudsopgave
1: Begrip en aard van het internationaal publiekrecht....................................................................................7
1. Wat is internationaal publiekrecht?.................................................................................................................7
2. Geschiedenis.....................................................................................................................................................8
ontstaan staten.................................................................................................................................................8
3. Casussen oplossen..........................................................................................................................................13
Stappen bij het oplossen van een casus – theorie.........................................................................................13
Samengevat....................................................................................................................................................13
Stappen bij het oplossen van een casus – praktijk.........................................................................................15
2: Bronnen van het internationaal recht....................................................................................................... 20
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................20
1. Gewoonterecht...........................................................................................................................................21
2. Verdragen...................................................................................................................................................24
3. algemene rechtsbeginselen........................................................................................................................25
4. rechtspraak en rechtsleer...........................................................................................................................25
5. Billijkheid....................................................................................................................................................26
Bronnen niet opgenomen in art 38 IGH..............................................................................................................26
Besluiten van internationale organisaties......................................................................................................26
Eenzijdige handelingen...................................................................................................................................27
‘Soft law’.........................................................................................................................................................28
Samenloop......................................................................................................................................................28
ius cogens-normen en verplichtingen erga omnes........................................................................................28
Nationaal recht...............................................................................................................................................29
3: Verdragenrecht........................................................................................................................................ 30
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................30
2. soorten............................................................................................................................................................31
3. Vorm...............................................................................................................................................................31
4. Structuur.........................................................................................................................................................32
5. Totstandkoming..............................................................................................................................................32
1: onderhandelingen......................................................................................................................................33
2: sluiting en inwerkingtreding.......................................................................................................................34
6. Geldigheid.......................................................................................................................................................37
7. Voorbehouden en interpretatieve verklaringen.............................................................................................37
Voorbehouden/ reserves...............................................................................................................................37
Interpretatieve verklaring..............................................................................................................................39
8. Toepassing en uitlegging van verdragen........................................................................................................40
Pacta sunt servanda.......................................................................................................................................40
Territoriale toepassing...................................................................................................................................40
Achtereenvolgende verdragen.......................................................................................................................41
Derde staten...................................................................................................................................................42
2
, Interpretatie...................................................................................................................................................42
9. Wijziging.........................................................................................................................................................43
10. Opschorting, opzegging en beëindiging.......................................................................................................43
beëindiging.....................................................................................................................................................43
opschorting.....................................................................................................................................................44
Toepassing in België...........................................................................................................................................45
Verdragen.......................................................................................................................................................45
4: Rechtssubjecten....................................................................................................................................... 52
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................52
2. Het begrip rechtssubjectiviteit........................................................................................................................53
3. Staten..............................................................................................................................................................53
4. Internationale organisaties............................................................................................................................53
5. De facto-regimes............................................................................................................................................54
6. Bevrijdingsbeweging.......................................................................................................................................54
7. Internationale non-gouvernementele organisaties........................................................................................54
8. Multinationale ondernemingen......................................................................................................................55
9. Volkeren..........................................................................................................................................................55
10. Natuurlijke personen....................................................................................................................................56
11. Overige rechtssubjecten...............................................................................................................................58
5: Staten...................................................................................................................................................... 59
1. Wat is een staat?............................................................................................................................................59
Grondgebied...................................................................................................................................................59
Bevolking........................................................................................................................................................67
Gezagsstructuur..............................................................................................................................................67
2. Hoe is een staat ontstaan, hoe creëer je een staat?......................................................................................68
Totstandkoming en wijziging..........................................................................................................................68
Creëren van staten.........................................................................................................................................71
3. Staten opvolging.............................................................................................................................................74
Status verdragen bij statenopvolging.............................................................................................................75
Overige gevolgen door statenopvolging........................................................................................................76
2 Afbakening staatsgezag..................................................................................................................................76
6: Afbakening staatsgezag............................................................................................................................ 77
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................77
2. Algemene beginselen......................................................................................................................................77
Non interventie principe................................................................................................................................77
Verbod grensoverschrijdende schade............................................................................................................79
3. Rechtsmacht...................................................................................................................................................80
Territorialiteitsbeginsel..................................................................................................................................81
3
, Nationaliteits-/ personaliteitsbeginsel...........................................................................................................81
Beschermingsbeginsel....................................................................................................................................82
Universaliteitsbeginsel...................................................................................................................................82
Extraterritoriale handhaving..........................................................................................................................83
4. Immuniteiten..................................................................................................................................................84
Staatsimmuniteit............................................................................................................................................84
Immuniteiten van individuele gezagsdragers................................................................................................85
5. Diplomatieke en consulaire betrekkingen......................................................................................................86
Diplomatieke betrekkingen............................................................................................................................86
Consulaire.......................................................................................................................................................88
Speciale missies..............................................................................................................................................88
Internationale organisaties............................................................................................................................88
7: Internationale organisaties....................................................................................................................... 89
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................89
2. Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................89
Verenigde naties: VN......................................................................................................................................89
Europese Unie: EU..........................................................................................................................................90
Raad van Europa.............................................................................................................................................91
Organisatie voor Veiligheid en Samenwerking in Europa: OVSE...................................................................91
Noord-Atlantische Verdragsorganisatie: NAVO.............................................................................................92
Organisatie voor Economische Samenwerking en Ontwikkeling: OESO........................................................92
Benelux...........................................................................................................................................................93
Andere regio’s................................................................................................................................................93
3. Bevoegdheden................................................................................................................................................93
8: Bescherming van individuen..................................................................................................................... 94
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................94
Evolutie...........................................................................................................................................................94
2. Kernbegrippen................................................................................................................................................94
3. Ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................................................95
Voor WO II......................................................................................................................................................95
NA WO II.........................................................................................................................................................95
4. Organisatie.....................................................................................................................................................96
5. Overzicht van rechten.....................................................................................................................................96
6. Toezicht...........................................................................................................................................................97
7. Reikwijdte.......................................................................................................................................................98
8. Normadressaten.............................................................................................................................................98
9. Beperkingen....................................................................................................................................................98
10. Bescherming van vreemdelingen..................................................................................................................99
11. Rechten van vluchtelingen............................................................................................................................99
9: Vrede en veiligheid................................................................................................................................. 100
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