Análisis de textos literarios
★ Two types of stresses: stress of the word y stress of emphasis.
★ Stress of the word: se usa raya (-) para la sílaba acentuada y una (U) para la no
acentuada.
★ Metre (métrica): el ritmo que se consigue en el verso por el contraste entre sílaba
acentuada y no acentuada.
★ When you have a poem, first count number of syllables
★ SONNET: 14 lines
Type of rhyme
- MASCULINE or single rhyme → última sílaba tónica
- FEMININE or double rhyme → última sílaba átona.
Terminología según el número de pies (foot):
Monometer> Dimeter> Trimeter> Tetrameter> Pentameter> Hexameter> Heptameter
Terminología según la métrica:
- IAMBIC (yambo): sílaba no acentuada seguida de sílaba acentuada (U –).
- TROCHEE (troqueo): sílaba acentuada seguida de sílaba no acentuada (– U).
- SPONDEE (espondeo): dos sílabas acentuadas, "metro auxiliar" (– –).
- DACTYL (dáctilo): sílaba acentuada seguida de dos no acentuadas: (– U U).
- ANAPEST (anapesto): sílaba no acentuada seguida de dos acentuadas (U – –)
Versos irregulares
- HYPERMETRIC: verso con sílaba extra.
- CATALÉTIC LINE: verso que le falta una sílaba.
- STRONG FOOT: dos sílabas acentuadas.
- WEAK FOOT: dos sílabas no acentuadas.
- INVERSION o REVERSAL: emplear el mismo pie, sólo que invertido.
- ENJAMBEMENT: lo expresado en un verso se continúa en el verso siguiente.
- CAESURE: divide al verso en dos hemistiquios (hemistichs).
Figurative lenguage
★ METAPHOR: compares two different things; describe one object in terms of another.
A metaphor has two parts: a tenor and a vehicle. The tenor is the subject of the
metaphor. The vehicle is the image or idea that represents the subject.
★ ALLEGORY: extended metaphor in a story or poem with two levels of meaning. First,
there is the surface of the story or poem. The characters and plot and all that obvious
stuff. Then there's the symbolic level, the deeper meaning.
★ CONCEIT: a complex and original figure of speech. It is a kind of metaphor that
compares two very unlike things in a surprising and clever way.
★ PERSONIFICATION: the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects.
★ METONYMY: a form of association in which an object is used to describe something
that’s closely associated with it. “Crown” for monarchy, “ashes” for death or ruin.
★ SYNECDOCHE: a part of something represents the whole. “Feathers” for wings.
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