The fundamental concepts of inorganic chemistry including the physical and chemical properties of matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, the gas laws, solutions, acids and bases, redox reactions, and chemical equilibria. The laboratory includes an experimental study of the chemi...
Virtual Lab Manual
Ideal Gas Law: Build your own temperature scale
Synopsis Just because Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin defined their own t emperature scales and named them after themselves, it doesn’t mean that you can’t crea te your own! In the Ideal Gas Law simulation, you will define the physical concept of tempera ture and absolute zero. You will observe how ideal gas molecules behave according to the I deal Gas Law, and you’ll learn about the relationship between pressure, volume and tempe rature in gases using gas thermometry.
Define your temperature scale
Your first mission in the Ideal Gas Law simulation will be to defin e a unique temperature scale. In order to complete this task, you will assign the corre ct temperature to various reference points. You will discover at which temperature water f reezes and nitrogen boils. At the end of this mission, you will be able to calculate a new value of the Boltzmann’s constant.
Formulate the Ideal Gas Law
Imagine how easy it would be to understand the behavior of an ideal gas if the gas molecules were so big that they could be seen with the naked eye. Well, in this simulation they can! The gas molecules are magnified, so you can see what is otherwis e invisible. Your next mission is to define the relationship between the pressure, temper ature and volume of an ideal gas sealed in a glass jar.
Experiment with gas thermometry
Handling extreme temperatures is not a hazard as long as you’re a part of this simulation! Observe the changes in the pressure of an ideal gas as you cool it down from the 1 Copyright Labster ApS 2020 All Rights Reserv ed
Downloaded by Brittany Elizabeth (brittanyelizabeth92@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|19384520 temperature of boiling water to the temperature of boiling nitrogen. You will have complete freedom to repeat the experiment with any amount of gas and to defin e the absolute zero temperature.
Are you ready to apply the Ideal Gas Law and everything you l earned in gas thermometry in order to assist the transfer of an organ for a transplant surgery?
Learning Objectives
At the end of this simulation, you will be able to…
● Explain the physical concepts of temperature and absolute zero
● Define the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature in gases using gas thermometry
● Apply the Ideal Gas Law
Techniques in Lab
● Gas thermometry
Theory
Phase transitions
Phase transitions play an important role in the study of Thermodynamics. The evaporation of a fluid or the melting of a solid, are examples of phase transitions. The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. As an exa mple of this water will boil at a lower temperature on the top of Everest than at sea leve l as there due to the differences in altitude there is a large pressure difference.
At ambient pressure and temperature, one would assume that th e water in a glass would be in a liquid form. If we keep increasing the temperature of the wa ter eventually it will boil, this is when the water will transition from the liquid phase to the gas p hase. If you transfer the glass of water to the North Pole, most likely the water will tra nsition from the liquid phase to solid phase as it freezes.
The kinetic theory of gases
Gases, liquids or solid phases are composed of an extremely lar ge number of microscopic particles each possessing a certain amount of kinetic energy. This kine tic energy is divided among the particles that comprise the substance.
When referring to a gas, the molecules use this energy in order to move or to rotate. Even though the velocity, rotation or vibration of a single molecule can be mea sured, it is impossible in practice to directly measure the total kinetic energies of all the particles which make up some macroscopic material like the total amount of gas in a tank .
2 Copyright Labster ApS 2020 All Rights Reserv ed
Downloaded by Brittany Elizabeth (brittanyelizabeth92@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|19384520
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