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Samenvatting sociologie sociaal werk & sociale radaptatie wetenschappen
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Deel 2: De lenzen: basisconcepten uit de sociologieHoofdstuk 1: Sociale structuur...............................................................................................................2
1. Sociale actoren en sociale posities.................................................................................................2
1.1 Sociaal handelen door sociale actoren.....................................................................................2
1.2 Sociale positie...........................................................................................................................3
1.3 Toegewezen of verworven........................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Toegewezen.......................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Verworven.........................................................................................................................4
2. Sociale relaties................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Sociale relatie: interactie en communicatie..............................................................................4
2.1.1 Het communicatiemodel van Shannon en Weaverc..........................................................4
2.1.2 Communicatie axioma’s van Watzlawick...........................................................................4
2.2 Sociale interactie als de som van betrekking en verhouding....................................................5
2.2.1 De sociale betrekking.........................................................................................................5
2.2.2 De sociale verhouding........................................................................................................6
3. Sociale netwerken en systemen.....................................................................................................6
3.1 Groepen....................................................................................................................................7
3.1.1 Formele en informele groepen..........................................................................................7
3.1.2 Primaire en secundaire groepen........................................................................................8
3.1.3 Referentiegroepen.............................................................................................................8
3.1.4 Taakgerichte en emotioneel gerichte groepen..................................................................8
3.2 Collectiviteiten..........................................................................................................................9
3.3 Sociale categorieën...................................................................................................................9
4. Macht.............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Begrip en bronnen van macht...................................................................................................9
4.2 Macht in organisaties..............................................................................................................10
4.3 Gezag......................................................................................................................................11
5. Sociale stratificatie en sociale mobiliteit.......................................................................................11
5.1 Wat is sociale stratificatie?.....................................................................................................11
5.2 Wat is een sociale mobiliteit?.................................................................................................11
5.3 Sociale stratificatie: van ongelijke rechten naar ongelijke kansen..........................................12
5.3.1 Het kastenstelsel..............................................................................................................12
5.3.2 Het standensysteem........................................................................................................12
5.3.3 Wettelijk verankerde grenzen..........................................................................................12
5.3.4 Het klassensysteem.........................................................................................................12
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, 5.3.5 Hedendaagse klassensystemen.......................................................................................13
5.4 Open en gesloten samenleving...............................................................................................13
6. Besluit...........................................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 2: Cultuur............................................................................................................................14
1. Alledaagse opvattingen over cultuur............................................................................................14
2. Culturalisering...............................................................................................................................15
3. Cultuur als sociologisch concept...................................................................................................15
3.1 Nature/nurture.......................................................................................................................15
3.2 Een veelheid aan definities.....................................................................................................15
4. De componenten van het culturele systeem................................................................................16
4.1 De materiële componenten....................................................................................................16
4.2 De cognitieve componenten...................................................................................................16
4.3 De normatieve component.....................................................................................................17
4.3.1 Waarden..........................................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Normen............................................................................................................................17
4.3.3 Doeleinden.......................................................................................................................18
4.3.4 Verwachtingen.................................................................................................................18
4.3.5 Gedeelde waarden en normen – sociale controle...........................................................18
5. Sociale rol.....................................................................................................................................19
5.1 De sociale rol en rolvoorschriften...........................................................................................19
5.2 Rolbepaling.............................................................................................................................19
5.3 Rolconflict...............................................................................................................................19
5.4 Sociale status..........................................................................................................................20
5.5 Statuscongruentie...................................................................................................................20
6. Socialisatie....................................................................................................................................20
6.1 Wat is socialisatie?..................................................................................................................20
6.2 Differentiële socialisatie..........................................................................................................21
6.2.1 Genderspecifieke socialisatie...........................................................................................21
6.2.2 Klasse-specifieke socialisatie............................................................................................21
7. Diversiteit.....................................................................................................................................22
7.1 Interculturele diversiteit.........................................................................................................22
7.2 Intraculturele diversiteit.........................................................................................................22
7.2.1 Subculturen......................................................................................................................22
7.2.2 Stad versus platteland......................................................................................................23
7.2.3 Structural lag....................................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 3: Institutionalisering en instituties.....................................................................................24
1
, 1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................24
1.1 Institutionalisering en sociale instituties.................................................................................24
1.2 Institutionele discriminatie.....................................................................................................25
1.3 De-institutionalisering............................................................................................................25
2. Voorbeelden van instituties..........................................................................................................25
2.1 Het gezin.................................................................................................................................25
2.1.1 Regeling van het seksuele verkeer...................................................................................25
2.1.2 Sociale controle op voortplanting en nageslacht.............................................................26
2.1.3 Socialisatiefunctie............................................................................................................26
2.1.4 Veiligheid en bescherming...............................................................................................26
2.1.5 Zorgfunctie.......................................................................................................................26
2.1.6 Economische functie........................................................................................................26
2.2 Het zorgsysteem.....................................................................................................................26
2.2.1 Financieringsprincipes.....................................................................................................26
2.2.2 De typologie van welvaartstaten van Esping-Andersen...................................................27
2.3 Religie.....................................................................................................................................27
2.3.5 De functies van religie als institutie.................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 1: Sociale structuur
1. Sociale actoren en sociale posities
1.1 Sociaal handelen door sociale actoren
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