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ENPC Respiratory Questions with Complete Solutions Latest 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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ENPC Respiratory Questions with Complete Solutions Latest 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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ENPC RespiratoryAnatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? - ANS large tongue relative to size
of oropharynx
obligate nose breathers
smaller airway diameter
cricoid cartilage narrowest area
larynx more anterior and cephalad
cartilaginous larynx
short neck and short trachea
What is the normal respiratory rate for the 5 pediatric age groups? - ANS infant (1-12 months) -
30-60
toddler (1-3 years) - 24-40
preschooler (3-5 years) - 22-34
school age (5-11 years) - 18-30
adolescent (11-18 years) - 12-16
What is the narrowest area of the pediatric airway? - ANS the cricoid cartilage - provides
anatomical seal for uncuffed or cuffless ETT in children younger than 8 years old
Anatomical and physiological features of pediatric breathing? - ANS compensatory mechanisms
less effective
higher metabolic rate
respiratory rate varies with age
thin chest wall
cartilaginous sternum and ribs
poorly developed intercostal muscles
diaphragm positioned flat
ribs horizontally oriented
fewer smaller alveoli
What age is the respiratory system considered fully developed? - ANS 8 years old
Most common chronic childhood illness? - ANS asthma, affects 9.3% of children
Do pediatrics have a higher or lower metabolic rate? - ANS higher - results in more rapid
respiratory rate and less efficient use of oxygen and glucose. In addition, other symptoms, such
as fever or anxiety, may further increase metabolic rate
A pulse ox reading of less than ____ at sea level is indicative of respiratory compromise? - ANS
92%, exceptions include children with uncorrected congenital heart defects
How to estimate ETT size for pediatrics age 1-10? - ANS uncuffed - (age/4)+4, cuffed - (age/4)+3.5
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