Echo Registry Review| 600 Questions| accurate Solutions
Produced when a signal from the SA node spreads through the atria on a ECG - ANSWER P-Wave
Detects electrical current in the heart - ANSWER Electrocardiogram
Generated by ventricular repolarization - ANSWER T-Wave
produced when signal from AV node spreads through ventricular myocardium and depolarizes muscle - ANSWER QRS complex
The heart beats due to this - ANSWER autorhythmicity
Charge shifts from negative to positive - ANSWER Depolarization
Nerve like process that spreads action potential through ventricular myocardium - ANSWER Purkinjefibers
Primary Pacemaker cell of the heart - ANSWER SA Node
Short branched cell found in the heart - ANSWER Cardiocyte
Stores and pumps calcium ions - ANSWER Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Plateau phase of the cardiac action potential - ANSWER Phase 2
Begins halfway through Phase 0 until part way thru phase 3 - ANSWER (Absolute ) Refractory period
allow action potential to spread through cells - ANSWER Gap junctions
Fast Na+ channels open in this phase - ANSWER Phase 0
Phase in which cell is not stimulated ( resting membrane potential ) - ANSWER Phase 4
Autoarythmic cells are also known as - ANSWER pacemaker cells
Phase 4 in autoarythmic cells differ from phase 4 in cardiocytes in which way ? - ANSWER phase 4 in autoarythmic cells has no stable resting membrane where as in cardiocytes, phase 4 has a resting membrane potential. Sequences of changes within the cell which causes it to depolarize and repolarize. - ANSWER Action potential
A Cardiocyte is a :
a. Autoarythmic cell
b. Contractile Cell
c. A gap junction cell
d. excitile cell - ANSWER b. Contractile cell
The inward movement of ions is known as - ANSWER Influx
part of the cell that allows the voltage stimulation wave to travel from cell to cell. - ANSWER Gap Junctions
The result of ectopic Foci in the Atria - ANSWER Atrial flutter
Adult Heart rate at rest is....70 -80 bpm. This is also know as _________ tone - ANSWER Vagal Tone
Region of spontaneous firing within the heart - ANSWER Ectopic foci
The section between the sympathetic nervous system and the SA node - ANSWER Cardiac plexus
What slows the heart ?...Parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER parasympathetic
Fibers of the right vagus nerve enters the ________ node - ANSWER SA node
Fibers of the left vagus nerve enters the ________ node - ANSWER AV node
Cardiac cells do not have satellite cells to do what ? - ANSWER Repair muscle
What cellular structure occupies 25 % of a cardiocyte as compared to 1 % in most other
cells ??? - ANSWER Mitochondria
Cardiocytes contain ______ nucleus(s) and are surrounded by light staining mass of _______ - ANSWER one, Glycogen
What structures join cardiocytes end to end. - ANSWER Intercalated Discs
Interlocks with each other to increase surface area of contact in the cardiocyte - ANSWER Interdiating folds
What structure prevents cells from being pulled apart - ANSWER Desmosomes What brings action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER T Tubules
If velocity is increased, Pressure is _________ - ANSWER Decreased
If viscosity is increased, Flow is ____________ - ANSWER decreased
If area is increased, Velocity is _____________ - ANSWER decreased
if radius is decreased, flow is _______________ - ANSWER decreased
If radius is decreased in a stenosis, velocity is ________ - ANSWER increased
The formula for calculating EF is: - ANSWER EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume formula ? - ANSWER EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? - ANSWER End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? - ANSWER LA-Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber w/inferior angulation.
What does the T wave represent - ANSWER repolarization of the ventricles
What are the symptoms of Aortic Stenosis? - ANSWER Decrease CO
Chest pain
Syncope
CVA
In DCM the most likely Pulmonary. vein flow pattern is - ANSWER Increased D wave, decreased S wave (blunted S wave)
Holosystolic murmur best heard at the subcostal region? - ANSWER Tricuspid Regurgitation
2D findings with tamponade? - ANSWER 1. moderate-to-large pericardial effusion
2. "swinging heart" motion pattern
3. Right Ventricle early diastolic collapse/compression
4. Right Atrium late diastolic and/or early systolic collapse lasting at least 1/3 of the cardiac cycle.
5. Inspiratory "bounce" of the IVS toward the Left Ventricle with inspiration
6. dilated IVC (normal 1.2 - 2.3 cm) with lack of collapse upon inspiration (normal collapse >50%) (aka IVC plethora)
With cardiac tamponade, the Doppler finding for the Mitral Valve is? - ANSWER decrease peak velocity with inspiration REMEMBER I = I on venous return and inspiration. So the right side ( pulmonary/venous side ) increases with inspiration. Where as the left side (systemic) will show decrease with inspiration.
All of the following are characteristics of constrictive pericarditis EXCEPT:
Reduced LV systolic function
Pericardial thickening
Normal or mildly dilated atria
Normal LV dimensions
Normal LV wall thickness - ANSWER Reduced LV systolic function
Positional chest pain described as "sharp and severe" that decreases with sitting upright
or leaning forward is the primary symptom of:
Ischemic heart disease
Aortic dissection
Infective endocarditis
Orthopnea
Pericarditis/pericardial effusion - ANSWER Pericarditis/pericardial effusion
Transmitral and transtricuspid flow profiles will demonstrate > 25% changes with respirations in the presence of: - ANSWER Cardiac tamponade
Moderate Vena Contracta is what ? - ANSWER 4 to 6 mm
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - ANSWER LV systolic function
What echo finding can be secondary to HCM due to fiber disarray?
"bright" myocardium
constrictive pericarditis
no "a" dip
aortic stenosis - ANSWER "bright" myocardium
Produced when a signal from the SA node spreads through the atria on a ECG - ANSWER P-Wave
Detects electrical current in the heart - ANSWER Electrocardiogram
Generated by ventricular repolarization - ANSWER T-Wave
produced when signal from AV node spreads through ventricular myocardium and depolarizes muscle - ANSWER QRS complex
The heart beats due to this - ANSWER autorhythmicity
Charge shifts from negative to positive - ANSWER Depolarization
Nerve like process that spreads action potential through ventricular myocardium - ANSWER Purkinjefibers
Primary Pacemaker cell of the heart - ANSWER SA Node
Short branched cell found in the heart - ANSWER Cardiocyte
Stores and pumps calcium ions - ANSWER Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Plateau phase of the cardiac action potential - ANSWER Phase 2
Begins halfway through Phase 0 until part way thru phase 3 - ANSWER (Absolute ) Refractory period
allow action potential to spread through cells - ANSWER Gap junctions
Fast Na+ channels open in this phase - ANSWER Phase 0
Phase in which cell is not stimulated ( resting membrane potential ) - ANSWER Phase 4
Autoarythmic cells are also known as - ANSWER pacemaker cells
Phase 4 in autoarythmic cells differ from phase 4 in cardiocytes in which way ? - ANSWER phase 4 in autoarythmic cells has no stable resting membrane where as in cardiocytes, phase 4 has a resting membrane potential. Sequences of changes within the cell which causes it to depolarize and repolarize. - ANSWER Action potential
A Cardiocyte is a :
a. Autoarythmic cell
b. Contractile Cell
c. A gap junction cell
d. excitile cell - ANSWER b. Contractile cell
The inward movement of ions is known as - ANSWER Influx
part of the cell that allows the voltage stimulation wave to travel from cell to cell. - ANSWER Gap Junctions
The result of ectopic Foci in the Atria - ANSWER Atrial flutter
Adult Heart rate at rest is....70 -80 bpm. This is also know as _________ tone - ANSWER Vagal Tone
Region of spontaneous firing within the heart - ANSWER Ectopic foci
The section between the sympathetic nervous system and the SA node - ANSWER Cardiac plexus
What slows the heart ?...Parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER parasympathetic
Fibers of the right vagus nerve enters the ________ node - ANSWER SA node
Fibers of the left vagus nerve enters the ________ node - ANSWER AV node
Cardiac cells do not have satellite cells to do what ? - ANSWER Repair muscle
What cellular structure occupies 25 % of a cardiocyte as compared to 1 % in most other
cells ??? - ANSWER Mitochondria
Cardiocytes contain ______ nucleus(s) and are surrounded by light staining mass of _______ - ANSWER one, Glycogen
What structures join cardiocytes end to end. - ANSWER Intercalated Discs
Interlocks with each other to increase surface area of contact in the cardiocyte - ANSWER Interdiating folds
What structure prevents cells from being pulled apart - ANSWER Desmosomes What brings action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER T Tubules
If velocity is increased, Pressure is _________ - ANSWER Decreased
If viscosity is increased, Flow is ____________ - ANSWER decreased
If area is increased, Velocity is _____________ - ANSWER decreased
if radius is decreased, flow is _______________ - ANSWER decreased
If radius is decreased in a stenosis, velocity is ________ - ANSWER increased
The formula for calculating EF is: - ANSWER EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume formula ? - ANSWER EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? - ANSWER End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? - ANSWER LA-Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber w/inferior angulation.
What does the T wave represent - ANSWER repolarization of the ventricles
What are the symptoms of Aortic Stenosis? - ANSWER Decrease CO
Chest pain
Syncope
CVA
In DCM the most likely Pulmonary. vein flow pattern is - ANSWER Increased D wave, decreased S wave (blunted S wave)
Holosystolic murmur best heard at the subcostal region? - ANSWER Tricuspid Regurgitation
2D findings with tamponade? - ANSWER 1. moderate-to-large pericardial effusion
2. "swinging heart" motion pattern
3. Right Ventricle early diastolic collapse/compression
4. Right Atrium late diastolic and/or early systolic collapse lasting at least 1/3 of the cardiac cycle.
5. Inspiratory "bounce" of the IVS toward the Left Ventricle with inspiration
6. dilated IVC (normal 1.2 - 2.3 cm) with lack of collapse upon inspiration (normal collapse >50%) (aka IVC plethora)
With cardiac tamponade, the Doppler finding for the Mitral Valve is? - ANSWER decrease peak velocity with inspiration REMEMBER I = I on venous return and inspiration. So the right side ( pulmonary/venous side ) increases with inspiration. Where as the left side (systemic) will show decrease with inspiration.
All of the following are characteristics of constrictive pericarditis EXCEPT:
Reduced LV systolic function
Pericardial thickening
Normal or mildly dilated atria
Normal LV dimensions
Normal LV wall thickness - ANSWER Reduced LV systolic function
Positional chest pain described as "sharp and severe" that decreases with sitting upright
or leaning forward is the primary symptom of:
Ischemic heart disease
Aortic dissection
Infective endocarditis
Orthopnea
Pericarditis/pericardial effusion - ANSWER Pericarditis/pericardial effusion
Transmitral and transtricuspid flow profiles will demonstrate > 25% changes with respirations in the presence of: - ANSWER Cardiac tamponade
Moderate Vena Contracta is what ? - ANSWER 4 to 6 mm
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - ANSWER LV systolic function
What echo finding can be secondary to HCM due to fiber disarray?
"bright" myocardium
constrictive pericarditis
no "a" dip
aortic stenosis - ANSWER "bright" myocardium
