All lectures of the course Global Food Security (PPS- 31306). This a good summary of the course. If you print this and bring to the exam (which is allowed) you are able to answer all the questions.
Global Food Security Alle hoorcolleges
PPS-31306 Global Food Security Hoorcollege 1 30-10-2017 Introduction
Definition of food security
All people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
We miss sustainability and social access in this definition
The four pillars of food security
Food security definitions have four common elements
o Availability (sufficient supply)
o Access (production, purchase, food aid)
o Utilisation (nutritional quality, safety)
o Stability (no shocks) and sustainability (longer term)
Availability
Sufficient quantity available: in each situation at each scale level either locally produced or in
the market (trade)
Quantity is mostly expressed in energy (Kcal, joules)
Access
Access to food can be through
o Own production (crop and animal production)
o Purchasing power (income)
o Bartering (exchange)
o Social relations (gifts)
Food availability can be high, still some cannot have access
Utilisation
Nutritional quality nutrition security
Level of the individual, care for the vulnerable
o Expressed in individual level, baby and elderly need other type of food
Knowledge & skills about acquisition, preparation and consumption of nutritionally adequate
diets
Food safety disease prevention (hygiene, water & sanitation, regulation, proper storage)
Food safety free from toxic components (supply chain, contamination during production or
processing, regulations)
Stability
Stability is absence of or coping with vulnerability (risk, shocks)
Risks: e.g. loss of a job, decrease in income, increase in prices (consumers) or decrease in
prices (farmers), partial crop failure
Risk measurable = f (chance that something happens x impact)
Shocks: can be unexpected death or diseases of a family member, flood or drought (egas
result of climate change), war, ...
Effective coping strategies to deal with risks & shocks
1
, o Short term: reduce meals/day, gather wild food, sale of assets, storage of harvest,
social capital (family or village support)
o Longer term: diversified sources of income, seasonal migration, diversity of
agricultural practices, insurance systems, grain banks
Sustainability
No long-term adverse effects of food production and processing, such as pollution or
degradation /depletion of the resource base (egsoils, water)
No decrease in food production, access, utilisation in view of longer term trends such as
population growth and climate change
No (eternal) dependency on gifts or charity but rather self-reliance
At which level to determine food security?
International
o Enough food produced to feed the world
o Impact of climate change international problem
o Competing claims on land (food, fuel, feed, biodiversity)
o Impact of multinational?
National
o Local production or import
Policy makers can decide
o Distribution between urban (city) and rural (country side)
o Policies: to support local agricultural production or to guarantee food safety
o Many food security indicators are determined at national level
o Sustainable development goals (SGDs) are assessed at this level
Household
o Self sufficiency through food production
o Income to buy food
o Cooping strategies in case of problems
o Livelihood strategies
Individual
o Distribution among family members
o Food quality in relation to specific demands
Children, pregnant women, diseases
Food systems: the new concept
Not yet consensus about what food system exactly is
o Three figures are currently more widely used
1. Food system components
2. Food system dynamics
2
, 3. Food system drivers
Food security is mainly addressed in SDG 2
Goal 2End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
o Food security is expressed SDG goal 2
Nutrition
o Stunting
o Wasting
Production
o Double/ha/FTE
o Sust. practices
o Genetic diversity
Infrastructure/macro
o (Knowledge) infrastructure
o Trade
o Markets and prices
Development goals
The millennium development goals
2000-2015
8 goals
18 targets
3
, MDG’s directly related to GFS
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
o Reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day
o Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
o Reduce by two thirds the mortality of children under five
The MDGs
Did we reach the MDGs in 2015?
Or at least make progress?
Target: halving the proportion of world hunger
1990 (23.2 %) and 2015 (12.9%) almost reached.
Yet number of hungry declined not so much 1 billion to 780 million
Target: reducing by half people living in poverty
Target was already reached 5 years ago
1 billion people lifted out of extreme poverty since 1990
Poverty rate in developing countries reduced from 47% to 14%
Huge differences per region: More than 40% of people in sub-Saharan Africa still live in
poverty
Target: reduce by half child <5 underweight
From 1 in 4 children under weight (1990) to 1 in 7 (2015)
Indicator is very income/poverty related
Target: reduce by 2/3 <5 years child mortality
Since 1990 child mortality rate dropped by 50 % (from 90-43/1000 births)
Despite population growth a decline from 12.6 to 6 million children (2015) of which 3 million
in sub-Saharan Africa.
In SSA absolute numbers declined from 179 to 86/1000 births
but high population growth difficult to keep up improvement and reach target in future
Some success, yet (negative)
the poorest and most vulnerable are left behind
800 million people still live in extreme poverty and suffer from hunger, without access to
basic services
Huge (and widening) gaps exist between the poorest and richest, and between rural & urban
areas
Sub Saharan Africa lags behind in many aspects
Gender inequality persists
Climate change and environmental degradation undermine progress, and the poor suffer
most
Sustainable development goals
2015-2030
17 goals
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller pvurens. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.76. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.