100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Lectures Global Food Security $4.76
Add to cart

Class notes

Lectures Global Food Security

1 review
 279 views  6 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution

All lectures of the course Global Food Security (PPS- 31306). This a good summary of the course. If you print this and bring to the exam (which is allowed) you are able to answer all the questions.

Preview 4 out of 76  pages

  • February 27, 2018
  • 76
  • 2017/2018
  • Class notes
  • Unknown
  • All classes

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: mirtewijbenga97 • 2 year ago

avatar-seller
Global Food Security Alle hoorcolleges
PPS-31306 Global Food Security Hoorcollege 1 30-10-2017 Introduction

Definition of food security

 All people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
 We miss sustainability and social access in this definition

The four pillars of food security

 Food security definitions have four common elements
o Availability (sufficient supply)
o Access (production, purchase, food aid)
o Utilisation (nutritional quality, safety)
o Stability (no shocks) and sustainability (longer term)

Availability

 Sufficient quantity available: in each situation at each scale level either locally produced or in
the market (trade)
 Quantity is mostly expressed in energy (Kcal, joules)

Access

 Access to food can be through
o Own production (crop and animal production)
o Purchasing power (income)
o Bartering (exchange)
o Social relations (gifts)
 Food availability can be high, still some cannot have access

Utilisation

 Nutritional quality  nutrition security
 Level of the individual, care for the vulnerable
o Expressed in individual level, baby and elderly need other type of food
 Knowledge & skills about acquisition, preparation and consumption of nutritionally adequate
diets
 Food safety  disease prevention (hygiene, water & sanitation, regulation, proper storage)
 Food safety  free from toxic components (supply chain, contamination during production or
processing, regulations)

Stability

 Stability is absence of or coping with vulnerability (risk, shocks)
 Risks: e.g. loss of a job, decrease in income, increase in prices (consumers) or decrease in
prices (farmers), partial crop failure
 Risk measurable = f (chance that something happens x impact)
 Shocks: can be unexpected death or diseases of a family member, flood or drought (egas
result of climate change), war, ...
 Effective coping strategies to deal with risks & shocks


1

, o Short term: reduce meals/day, gather wild food, sale of assets, storage of harvest,
social capital (family or village support)
o Longer term: diversified sources of income, seasonal migration, diversity of
agricultural practices, insurance systems, grain banks

Sustainability

 No long-term adverse effects of food production and processing, such as pollution or
degradation /depletion of the resource base (egsoils, water)
 No decrease in food production, access, utilisation in view of longer term trends such as
population growth and climate change
 No (eternal) dependency on gifts or charity but rather self-reliance

At which level to determine food security?

 International
o Enough food produced to feed the world
o Impact of climate change  international problem
o Competing claims on land (food, fuel, feed, biodiversity)
o Impact of multinational?
 National
o Local production or import
 Policy makers can decide
o Distribution between urban (city) and rural (country side)
o Policies: to support local agricultural production or to guarantee food safety
o Many food security indicators are determined at national level
o Sustainable development goals (SGDs) are assessed at this level
 Household
o Self sufficiency through food production
o Income to buy food
o Cooping strategies in case of problems
o Livelihood strategies
 Individual
o Distribution among family members
o Food quality in relation to specific demands
 Children, pregnant women, diseases

Food systems: the new concept

 Not yet consensus about what food system exactly is
o Three figures are currently more widely used
1. Food system components




2. Food system dynamics

2

, 3. Food system drivers




Food security is mainly addressed in SDG 2

 Goal 2End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
o Food security is expressed SDG goal 2
 Nutrition
o Stunting
o Wasting
 Production
o Double/ha/FTE
o Sust. practices
o Genetic diversity
 Infrastructure/macro
o (Knowledge) infrastructure
o Trade
o Markets and prices


Development goals

The millennium development goals

 2000-2015
 8 goals
 18 targets

3

, MDG’s directly related to GFS

 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
o Reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day
o Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
 Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
o Reduce by two thirds the mortality of children under five

The MDGs

 Did we reach the MDGs in 2015?
 Or at least make progress?

Target: halving the proportion of world hunger

 1990 (23.2 %) and 2015 (12.9%) almost reached.
 Yet number of hungry declined not so much 1 billion to 780 million

Target: reducing by half people living in poverty

 Target was already reached 5 years ago
 1 billion people lifted out of extreme poverty since 1990
 Poverty rate in developing countries reduced from 47% to 14%
 Huge differences per region: More than 40% of people in sub-Saharan Africa still live in
poverty

Target: reduce by half child <5 underweight

 From 1 in 4 children under weight (1990) to 1 in 7 (2015)
 Indicator is very income/poverty related

Target: reduce by 2/3 <5 years child mortality

 Since 1990 child mortality rate dropped by 50 % (from 90-43/1000 births)
 Despite population growth a decline from 12.6 to 6 million children (2015) of which 3 million
in sub-Saharan Africa.
 In SSA absolute numbers declined from 179 to 86/1000 births
 but high population growth  difficult to keep up improvement and reach target in future

Some success, yet (negative)

 the poorest and most vulnerable are left behind
 800 million people still live in extreme poverty and suffer from hunger, without access to
basic services
 Huge (and widening) gaps exist between the poorest and richest, and between rural & urban
areas
 Sub Saharan Africa lags behind in many aspects
 Gender inequality persists
 Climate change and environmental degradation undermine progress, and the poor suffer
most

Sustainable development goals

 2015-2030
 17 goals

4

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller pvurens. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.76. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

48298 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$4.76  6x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added