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Samenvatting notities lessen + ppt gerechtelijk recht
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Samenvatting volledig aangevuld met notities van de les + ppt's + vragen laatste lessen
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By: lauravandersmissen • 3 months ago
By: laura_vandersmissen • 2 months ago
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SAMENVATTING GERECHTELIJKRECHT 2023-2024
, GERECHTELIJK RECHT 2022-2023
Inhoudsopgave
1 ALGEMENE INLEIDING........................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 BEGRIPSOMSCHRIJVING EN BESTAANSREDENEN....................................................................................................................6
1.2 BRONNEN VAN HET GERECHTELIJK PRIVAATRECHT.................................................................................................................7
1.2.1 DE GRONDWET....................................................................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 GERECHTELIJK WETBOEK (code judiciairE)..........................................................................................................................8
1.2.3 BIJZONDERE WETTEN..........................................................................................................................................................8
1.2.4 RECHTSPRAAK......................................................................................................................................................................8
1.2.5 RECHTSLEER.........................................................................................................................................................................8
1.2.6 ALGEMENE RECHTSBEGINSELEN EN GEBRUIKEN................................................................................................................9
1.2.7 INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN...........................................................................................................................................9
1.2.8 EUROPESE VERORDENINGEN...............................................................................................................................................9
1.3 KENMERKEN VAN HET GERECHTELIJK PRIVAATRECHT.............................................................................................................9
1.3.1 PUBLIEK- EN PRIVAATRECHT................................................................................................................................................9
1.3.2 TEN DIENSTE VAN DE RECHTSZOEKENDE - dienend..........................................................................................................10
1.3.3 REGLEMENTAIR EN FORMALISTISCH.................................................................................................................................10
1.3.4 Gebiedend..........................................................................................................................................................................10
1.3.5 ETHISCH EN SOCIAAL.........................................................................................................................................................11
1.3.6 DYNAMISCh........................................................................................................................................................................11
1.3.7 ACCUSATOIR (beschikkingsbeginsel).................................................................................................................................11
1.3.8 UIT DE BRONNEN GEDISTILLEERDE BEGINSELEN VAN BEHOORLIJKE PROCESVOERINg...................................................12
1.4 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED VAN HET GERECHTELIJK PRIVAATRECHT.............................................................................................15
1.4.1 IN DE TIJD...........................................................................................................................................................................15
1.4.2 IN DE RUIMTE....................................................................................................................................................................16
1.4.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINSGEBIED........................................................................................................................................16
1.4.4 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED......................................................................................................................................17
1.5 BASISBEGRIPPEN VAN HET BURGERLIJK PROCESRECHT.........................................................................................................18
2 DE RECHTSPLEGING............................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.1 RECHTSVORDERING (VORDERINGSRECHT) EN VORDERING (EIS)...........................................................................................21
2.1.1 onderscheid........................................................................................................................................................................21
2.1.2 VORDERINGSBEVOEGDHEID (IUS AGENDI).......................................................................................................................22
2.1.3 DE VORDERING (EIS) IN RECHTE........................................................................................................................................24
2.2 EXCEPTIE EN VERWEER.......................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.1 Verweermogelijkheden – onderscheid - gevolgen.............................................................................................................26
2.2.2 VERWEER TEN GRONDE.....................................................................................................................................................27
2.2.3 MIDDELEN VAN ONTOELAATBAARHEID............................................................................................................................27
1
, 2.2.4 EXCEPTIES...........................................................................................................................................................................28
GERECHTELIJK RECHT 2022-2023
2.2.5 Rangorde aanvoering exceptief verweer:..........................................................................................................................28
2.3 VERLOOP VAN DE RECHTSPLEGING....................................................................................................................................... 28
3 GERECHTELIJKE ORGANISATIE............................................................................................................................................. 29
3.1 INLEIDING.............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
3.2 HET GERECHTELIJK LANDSCHAP: HET HUIS EN ZIJN KAMERS.................................................................................................29
3.3 DE HOVEN EN RECHTBANKEN........................................................................................................................................................ 30
3.3.1 GERECHTELIJK ARRONDISSEMENT BRUSSEL.....................................................................................................................31
3.4 CONCRETE SAMENSTELLING VAN DE HOVEN EN RECHTBANKEN..........................................................................................31
3.4.1 HOF VAN CASSATIE............................................................................................................................................................31
3.4.2 HOF VAN BEROEP...............................................................................................................................................................32
3.4.3 ARBEIDSHOF.......................................................................................................................................................................32
3.4.4 ARRONDISSEMENTSRECHTBANK.......................................................................................................................................32
3.4.5 RECHTBANK VAN EERSTE AANLEg.....................................................................................................................................33
3.4.6 ONDERNEMINGSRECHTBANK............................................................................................................................................33
3.4.7 ARBEIDSRECHTBANK..........................................................................................................................................................34
3.4.8 POLITIERECHTBANK...........................................................................................................................................................34
3.4.9 VREDERECHTEr...................................................................................................................................................................34
3.5 REGLEMENTERING VAN HET GERECHTELIJK LANDSCHAP......................................................................................................34
3.5.1 ZAAKVERDELINGSREGLEMENT..........................................................................................................................................34
3.5.2 Bijzonder reglement...........................................................................................................................................................35
3.6 VERDELINGSINCIDENTEN........................................................................................................................................................35
3.7 TAALWET GERECHTSZAKEN (1935)........................................................................................................................................35
3.7.1 Taalwijziging – verwijzing naar anderstalige rechtbank...................................................................................................36
3.8 BEWONERS VAN HET HUIS.....................................................................................................................................................36
3.8.1 OPENBAAR MINISTERIE.....................................................................................................................................................36
3.8.2 GRIFFIER.............................................................................................................................................................................37
3.8.3 GERECHTELIJKE AMBTEN...................................................................................................................................................37
3.9 BEZOEKERS VAN HET HUIS.....................................................................................................................................................39
3.9.1 DE BALIE.............................................................................................................................................................................39
3.9.2 CASSATIEBALIe: advocaten bij het Hof van Cassatie.........................................................................................................40
3.9.3 GERECHTSDEURWAARDER................................................................................................................................................41
4 DE BEVOEGHEID.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.1 INLEIDENDE BEGRIPPEN.........................................................................................................................................................42
4.1.1 TERRITORIALE BEVOEGDHEID............................................................................................................................................43
4.1.2 MATERIËLE BEVOEGDHEID................................................................................................................................................44
4.1.3 4 CRITERIA..........................................................................................................................................................................44
4.1.4 SOORTEN BEVOEGDHEDEN...............................................................................................................................................46
2
, 4.1.5 BEVOEGDHEID EN TUSSENVORDERINGEN........................................................................................................................46
GERECHTELIJK RECHT 2022-2023
4.1.6 AANHANGIGHEID...............................................................................................................................................................47
4.1.7 SAMENHANG.....................................................................................................................................................................47
4.2 BEVOEGDHEIDSVERDELING............................................................................................................................................................48
4.2.1 VREDERECHTER..................................................................................................................................................................48
4.2.2 POLITIERECHTBANK...........................................................................................................................................................49
4.2.3 RECHTBANK VAN EERSTE AANLEG.....................................................................................................................................49
4.2.4 ONDERNEMINGSRECHTBANK............................................................................................................................................50
4.2.5 ARBEIDSRECHTBANK..........................................................................................................................................................51
4.2.6 DE VOORZITTERS................................................................................................................................................................51
4.2.7 DE ARRONDISSEMENTSRECHTBANK..................................................................................................................................52
4.2.8 HOF VAN BEROEP...............................................................................................................................................................53
4.2.9 ARBEIDSHOF.......................................................................................................................................................................53
4.2.10 HVC..................................................................................................................................................................................53
4.3 DE REGELING VAN GESCHILLEN VAN BEVOEGDHEID.............................................................................................................54
4.3.1 BEVOEGDHEIDSINCIDENTEN IN EERSTE AANLEG..............................................................................................................54
4.3.2 procedure voor arrondissementsrechtbank.......................................................................................................................55
4.3.3 bevoegdheidsincidenten in hoger beroep..........................................................................................................................55
4.3.4 APPELLABILITEIT vAN EEN VONNIS OVER DE bEVOEGDHEID............................................................................................56
4.3.5 AFWIKKELING BEVOEGDHEIDSINCIDEN: AFWIJZING.........................................................................................................56
4.3.6 AFWIKKELING BEVOEGDHEIDSINCIDENT: GEGROND........................................................................................................56
5 BURGERLIJK GEDING (= CIVIELE RECHTSPLEGING)................................................................................................................ 58
5.1 FASE 1: VOORBEREIDING EN INLEIDING VAN HET GEDING...............................................................................................................58
5.1.1 DAGVAARDING..................................................................................................................................................................58
5.1.2 ROLSTELLING......................................................................................................................................................................61
5.2 SCHARNIERMOMENT 1: INLEIDINGSZITTING.........................................................................................................................62
5.2.1 MINNELIJKE OPLOSSING VAN GESCHILLEN (ART. 730/1 – 734 GER.W.)...........................................................................63
5.2.2 BEMIDDELING....................................................................................................................................................................63
5.2.3 BEHANDELING OP DE INLEIDENDE ZITTING (ART. 735 GER.W.)........................................................................................65
5.3 FASE 2: INSTAATSTELLING......................................................................................................................................................65
5.3.1 MEEDELEN VAN STUKKEN.................................................................................................................................................65
5.3.2 NEMEN VAN CONCLUSIE EN RECHTSDAGBEPALING: sleutelsbepaling art. 747...............................................................66
5.4 SCHARNIERMOMENT 2: PLEITZITTING...................................................................................................................................70
5.5 FASE 3: (ADVIES OM), BERAAD EN UITSPRAAK......................................................................................................................71
5.5.1 ADVIES OPENBAAR MINISTERIE.........................................................................................................................................71
5.5.2 BERAAD (ART. 777 – 779 GER.W.).....................................................................................................................................73
5.5.3 UITSPRAAK.........................................................................................................................................................................74
5.6 WERKING VAN HET VONNIS...................................................................................................................................................77
3
, 5.6.1 INTER PARTES.....................................................................................................................................................................77
GERECHTELIJK RECHT 2022-2023
5.6.2 T.A.V. DERDEN...................................................................................................................................................................79
5.7 TUSSENGESCHILLEN............................................................................................................................................................... 79
5.7.1 TUSSENGESCHILLEN (INCIDENTEN)...................................................................................................................................79
5.7.2 TUSSENGESCHILLEN M.B.T. PARTIJEN...............................................................................................................................83
5.7.3 Tussengeschillen - INCIDENTEN I.V.M. ANDERE PROCESACTOREN...................................................................................84
5.7.4 Tussengeschillen I.V.M. DE LOOP VAN HET GEDING.........................................................................................................85
5.8 GERECHTSKOSTEN (ART. 1018 – 1024)..................................................................................................................................86
5.8.1 RECHTSPLEGINGSVERGOEDING.........................................................................................................................................86
5.8.2 VEREFFENING VAN DE KOSTEN: BEPALING VAN HET CORRECTE BEDRAG.......................................................................88
5.8.3 VERWIJZING IN DE KOSTEN IN EINDVONNIS: WIE MOET DE KOSTEN DRAGEN?..............................................................88
5.9 SANCTIEREGELING EN RECHTSPLEGINGEN VAN BIJZONDERE AARD (DE SPOEDPROCEDURES).....................................................................90
5.9.1 verweer recapitulatie.........................................................................................................................................................90
5.9.2 SANCTIEREGELING BIJ PROCESHANDELINGEN..................................................................................................................91
5.9.3 SANCTIEREGELING BIJ PROCESTERMIJNEN.......................................................................................................................93
5.9.4 Rechtspleging van bijzondere aard: KORT GEDING...........................................................................................................94
5.9.5 rechtspleging van bijzondere aard: RECHTSPLEGING OP EENZIJDIG VERZOEKSCHRIFT (ART. 584, LID 4 GER.W.)...........96
6 RECHTSMIDDELEN............................................................................................................................................................... 98
6.1 VERSTEK................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
6.1.1 GEVALLEN..........................................................................................................................................................................99
6.1.2 GEVOLGEN.......................................................................................................................................................................100
6.1.3 RECHTSMIDDELEN – VERZET...........................................................................................................................................101
6.1.4 ART. 1397, LID 2 – ART. 1495, LID 2 GER.W.....................................................................................................................102
6.2 HOGER BEROEP....................................................................................................................................................................102
6.2.1 Toelaatbaarheidsvoorwaarden.......................................................................................................................................103
6.2.2 PROCEDURE IN HOGER BEROEP......................................................................................................................................112
6.2.3 GEVOLGEN HOGER BEROEP.............................................................................................................................................113
6.3 RECHTSMIDDELEN – VOORZIENING IN CASSATIE.................................................................................................................115
6.4 DERDENVERZET....................................................................................................................................................................116
6.5 ANDERE RECHTSMIDDELEN..........................................................................................................................................................117
7 BESLAG- EN TENUITVOERLEGGING.................................................................................................................................... 119
7.1 ALGMENE BEGRIPPEN..........................................................................................................................................................119
7.1.1 DE GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING.........................................................................................................................119
7.1.2 DE UITVOERING IN NATURA/REËLE EXECUTIE................................................................................................................119
7.1.3 TIJDSTIP VAN DE TENUITVOERLEGGING..........................................................................................................................120
7.1.4 EXEQUATUR.....................................................................................................................................................................120
7.1.5 DE DWANGSOM...............................................................................................................................................................120
7.1.6 HET BESLAG......................................................................................................................................................................122
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