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Introduction to Individual Differences in Psychology

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  • Course
  • Individual Differences
  • Institution
  • Birmingham City University (BCU)
  • Book
  • Personality, Individual Differences and Intelligence

These are lecture notes on the introductory lecture to Individual Differences. It covers a chronological timeline of the study of individual differences and key researchers, study of intelligence, notes on personality, structure of personality, theories of personality, psychoanalytical and neo-psyc...

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Document information

  • February 27, 2018
  • 11
  • 2016/2017
  • Class notes
  • Dr michael mantzios
  • Introduction and psychoanalytical perspectives

Subjects

  • individual differences
  • psychology
  • introduction
  • freud
  • personality
  • jung
  • timeline
  • psychoanalytical perspectives

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  • Birmingham City University (BCU)
  • Bsc Psychology
  • Individual Differences
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Individual Differences – Introduction and Psychoanalytical Perspectives by Dr Michael
Mantzios

- Individual Difference (ID) TIMELINE
o 400BC – Plato
 The Republic of Plato
 “no two persons are born exactly alike…one being suited for one
occupation and another for another”
o Middle ages
o Mid-1800s
 Fechner & Weber
 rise of experimental psychology
o method of Just Notable Differences
 how much two stimuli may vary to be
distinguished as different
o method of Constant Stimuli
 each variable compared several times
 the point at which 50% of the judgements are
correct is considered the threshold
 development of measurement of ID (psychophysical)
o since been adapted for measurement of IDs
 Broca
 Developed firsts ID tests
o Brain size as an indicator of intelligence
o Used to perpetuate sexism
 Men: survival, protector, compete
 Women: passive, restricted, sedentary
 Critiques (by Stephen Jay Gould)
o Age better determiner of brain weight – NOT gender
o Women were older than men
 Difference reduced from 181 to 113g
o Sample: 13 people (7 males, 6 females)
o Wundt: first experimenter psychology lab (1879)
 Visual and auditory sensation
 Psychophysics (Anastasia, 1958)
 Discover general laws that apply to all humans
 Ignored IDs (Tyler, 1995)
 IDs frowned upon by early experimenters
 IDs meant less accurate generalisations – se were ignored
o Capitalism and Democracy
 Paved the way to study IDs
 Previously unheard of: specialization of human talent
 Industrial needs created industrial class structure
 RATIONALIZED by IDs (Marks, 1976)
 IDs serve as pre-requisite for the development of a modern
state

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