Class notes
LE2 Oncology College Notes (NWI-BM015C) - Pathology
- Course
- Institution
Summary of the second lecture on oncology about pathology. Including figures and important subjects for the exam in bold.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
gertjanzutphen
Content preview
LE 2 – PathologyNovember 10th, 2023
Chapter 5: Neoplasia (Rubin’s Pathology). The Pathology of Neoplasia + The Biology and Molecular
Pathogenesis of Cancer (excluding Epigenetics Mechanisms, Cancer Cell Metabolism, Cancer Stem Cells
and Tumor Heterogeneity, The Immune System and Cancer).
Pathology
‘’The study of suffering’’
• Cause and mechanism of disease processes
• Structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs
• Consequences of the changes
Cause = etiology
Mechanism = pathogenesis
Structural changes = morphology
Consequences = clinical significance (symptoms, course and outcome)
Cancer: disease of the genome
,From DNA to (aberrant) cellular function
10 hallmarks (or attributes) of cancer
Errors during DNA replication
The more cell divisions, the higher risk of introduced genetic aberrations, the higher risk for cancer
development.
, DNA damage induced by physical and chemical agents
Mutational signature associated with tobacco smoking
The profile is similar to the mutational spectrum observed in the experimental systems exposed to
tobacco carcinogens. This signature is, therefore, likely due to direct DNA damage by tobacco smoke
mutagens.
Drivers and passengers
• Driver mutations confer a selective advantage on the cell.
• Driver mutations can be linked to cancer phenotypes; the hallmarks.
Frequently mutated genes in CRC (Colorectal Cancer)
Oncogenes (activation)
• Regulators of cell growth and differentiation (e.g., KRAS)
Tumor suppressor genes (inactivation)
• Gatekeepers (e.g., TP53 → apoptosis)
• Caretakers (e.g., mismatch repair genes → genome stability
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gertjanzutphen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.23. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now