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Nurse Practitioner: Certification Examination and Practice Preparation, 3rd Edition
Nurse Practitioner: Certification Examination and Practice Preparation, 3rd Edition
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xiTable of ContentsFront matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
1.Health Promotion and Disease Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.Neurologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.Skin Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.Chest Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.Abdominal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.Male Genitourinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8.Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
10. Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
11. Hematological and Immunological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
12. Psychosocial Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
13. Female Reproductive and Genitourinary Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
14. Older Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15. Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
16. Childbearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Appendix: Answers to Your Most Common Test-Taking Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3872132_FM_i-xii.qxd 3/11/10 4:10 PM Page xi 11
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
QUESTIONS
1.An example of a primary prevention measure for a 78-year-
old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is:
A.reviewing the use of prescribed medications.
B.ensuring adequate illumination in the home.
C.checking pulmonary function.
D.performing a digital rectal examination and fecaloccult blood test (FOBT).
2.Which of the following is an example of a primary preven-tion activity in a 76-year-old woman with osteoporosis?
A.bisphosphonate therapy
B.calcium supplementation
C.home survey to identify fall hazards
D.use of a back brace
3.Secondary prevention measures for a 78-year-old manwith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include:
A.checking stool for occult blood.
B.administering influenza vaccine.
C.obtaining a serum theophylline level.
D.advising about appropriate use of car passengerrestraints.
4.T ertiary prevention measures for a 69-year-old womanwith heart failure include:
A.administering antipneumococcal vaccine.
B.adjusting therapy to minimize dyspnea.
C.surveying skin for precancerous lesions.
D.reviewing safe handling of food.
5.Which of the following provides passive immunity?
A.hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
B.measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
C.pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
D.influenza vaccine
See full color images of this topic on DavisPlus at http://davisplus.fadavis.com | Keyword: Fitzgerald6.Active immunity is defined as:
A.resistance developed in response to an antigen.
B.immunity conferred by an antibody produced in
another host.
C.the resistance of a group to an infectious agent.
D.defense against disease acquired naturally by theinfant from the mother.
ANSWERS
1. B 2. C 3. A
4. B 5. A 6. A
DISCUSSION
Primary prevention measures include activities provided toindividuals to prevent the onset or acquisition of a given dis-ease. The goal of primary prevention measures is to spareindividuals the suffering, burden, and cost associated withthe clinical condition. Examples include health-protectingeducation and counseling, such as encouraging the use of carrestraints and bicycle helmets and providing information onaccident and fall prevention.
Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis are also examples
of primary prevention measures. Active immunizationthrough the use of vaccines provides long-term protectionfrom disease. The use of vaccines is preferred to passiveimmunization through the use of immune globulin (IG)because IG use provides only temporary protection. In herdor community immunity, a significant portion of a givenpopulation has immunity against an infectious agent; thelikelihood that the susceptible portion of the group wouldbecome infected is minimized (Figure 1–1).
Secondary prevention measures include activities pro-
vided to identify and treat asymptomatic persons whohave risk factors for a given disease or in preclinical 2132_Ch01_001-026.qxd 3/11/10 3:56 PM Page 1 2 CHAPTER 1 ■Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Preventive Services Recommended by the USPSTF
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians discuss these preventive
services with eligible patients and offer them as a priority. All these services have received an “A” (strongly
recommended) or a “B” (recommended) grade from the Task Force.
For definitions of all grades used by the USPSTF , see Appendix A (beginning on P . 206). The full listings ofall USPSTF recommendations for adults and children are in Section 2 (beginning on P . 9) and Section 3(beginning on P . 179).
Adults Special Populations
Recommendation Men Women Pregnant Women Children
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Screening
1
Alcohol Misuse Screening and Behavioral
Counseling Inter ventions
Aspirin for the Primar yPrevention of
Cardiovascular Events2
Bacteriuria, Screening for Asymptomatic
Breast Cancer, Chemoprevention3
Breast Cancer, Screening4
Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility ,
Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCAMutation Testing
5
Breastfeeding, BehavioralInterventions to Promote
6
Cervical Cancer, Screening7
Chlamydial Infection, Screening8
Colorectal Cancer, Screening9
Dental Caries in Preschool Children,
Prevention10
Depression, Screening11
Diabetes Mellitus in Adults,Screening for Type 2
12
Diet, Behavioral Counseling inPrimary Care to Promote a Healthy
13
Gonorrhea, Screening14
Gonorrhea, Prophylactic Medication15
Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Screening16
High Blood Pressure, Screening
HIV, Screening17
Iron Deficiency Anemia, P revention18
Iron Deficiency Anemia, Screening19
Lipid Disorders, Screening20
Obesity in Adults, Screening21
Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women,
Screening22
Rh (D) Incompatibility, Screening23
Sickle Cell Disease, Screening24
Syphilis Infection, Screening25
Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease,
Counseling26
Visual Impairment in Children Younger
than Age 5 Years, Screening27
Figure 1–1 Preventive services recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF).2132_Ch01_001-026.qxd 3/11/10 3:56 PM Page 2
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