SPCE 630 Final Exam/60
Questions with Complete
Solutions
strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include
all of the following except - -history
-the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - -
removing a successful intervention
-external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - -having at least 3
participants
-unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - -a second
intervention phase
-which is the most powerful within-subject design? - -ABAB
-in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - -
immediately after condition changes
-when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - -intervention 1
-which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is
not withdrawn, lack of control for internal validity, lack of control for external
validity, cannot determine functional relationships) - -intervention is not
withdrawn
-what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - -
disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process
-the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to
internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - -d
-history - -refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome
-maturation - -changes in behavior due to passage of time
, -testing - -threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the
same test repeatedly
-facilitative effect - -an improvement in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
-inhibitive effect - -a deterioration in performance over successive baseline
or probe testing or observation sessions
-multiple-treatment interference - -occurs when a study participant's
behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments" or
interventions during the course of a study
-sequential confounding - -when the order in which experimental conditions
are introduced to participants influences their behavior
-carryover effect - -the effect when a procedure used in one experimental
condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
-instability - -the amount of variability in the data over time
-cyclical veriability - -a specific type of data instability that refers to a
repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
-variability - -also referred to as data instability
-regression to the mean - -refers to the likelihood that following an outlying
data point, data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the average value
-instrumentation threats - -refers to the concerns of the measurement
system
-procedural infidelity - -refers to the lack of adherence to condition
protocols by study implementers
-selection bias - -involves choosing participants in a way that differentially
impacts the inclusion or retention of participants in a study, when compared
to the population of interest
-attrition - -refers to the loss of participants during the course of a study
-attrition bias - -refers to the likelihood that participant loss impacts the
outcome of the study
-sampling bias - -occurs in SCD studies when researchers use additional,
non-explicated reasons for including or excluding potential participants
Questions with Complete
Solutions
strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include
all of the following except - -history
-the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - -
removing a successful intervention
-external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - -having at least 3
participants
-unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - -a second
intervention phase
-which is the most powerful within-subject design? - -ABAB
-in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - -
immediately after condition changes
-when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - -intervention 1
-which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is
not withdrawn, lack of control for internal validity, lack of control for external
validity, cannot determine functional relationships) - -intervention is not
withdrawn
-what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - -
disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process
-the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to
internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - -d
-history - -refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome
-maturation - -changes in behavior due to passage of time
, -testing - -threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the
same test repeatedly
-facilitative effect - -an improvement in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
-inhibitive effect - -a deterioration in performance over successive baseline
or probe testing or observation sessions
-multiple-treatment interference - -occurs when a study participant's
behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments" or
interventions during the course of a study
-sequential confounding - -when the order in which experimental conditions
are introduced to participants influences their behavior
-carryover effect - -the effect when a procedure used in one experimental
condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
-instability - -the amount of variability in the data over time
-cyclical veriability - -a specific type of data instability that refers to a
repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
-variability - -also referred to as data instability
-regression to the mean - -refers to the likelihood that following an outlying
data point, data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the average value
-instrumentation threats - -refers to the concerns of the measurement
system
-procedural infidelity - -refers to the lack of adherence to condition
protocols by study implementers
-selection bias - -involves choosing participants in a way that differentially
impacts the inclusion or retention of participants in a study, when compared
to the population of interest
-attrition - -refers to the loss of participants during the course of a study
-attrition bias - -refers to the likelihood that participant loss impacts the
outcome of the study
-sampling bias - -occurs in SCD studies when researchers use additional,
non-explicated reasons for including or excluding potential participants
