Samenvatting 'inleiding in de algemene en sociale psychologie'
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Course
Psychologie
Institution
Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
Book
Sociale psychologie
Volledige samenvatting van het vak Psychologie dat gegeven wordt in de sociale wetenschappen door Ann Desmet. Zowel de slides, de lessen als het handboek zijn verwerkt hierin.
1 GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE EN ONDERZOEKSMETHODEN (LES 1)..........................2
1.1 DOELSTELLINGEN EN PRAKTISCHE INFORMATIE.......................................................................................2
1.2 PSYCHOLOGIE................................................................................................................................2
1.3 SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE ALS INSTRUMENT IN ANDERE DISCIPLINES...............................................................2
1.3.1 HOE VERSCHILT SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE VAN SOCIOLOGIE?...........................................................................3
1.3.2 EFFECT VAN REACTIES VAN ANDEREN......................................................................................................3
1.3.3 BELANGRIJKE FASEN IN GESCHIEDENIS VAN SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE................................................................3
1.4 ONDERZOEKSMETHODEN IN SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE.................................................................................4
1.4.1 SPECIFIEK AAN ONDERZOEK OVER MENSELIJK GEDRAG EN (MENTALE) PROCESSEN............................................4
1.4.2 CYCLISCH PROCES...............................................................................................................................4
2 CONDITIONERING EN LEREN (LES 2)..................................................................................................10
5.1 AUTOMATISCHE SOCIALE INVLOED....................................................................................................33
5.1.1 MIRRORING.....................................................................................................................................33
5.2 CONFORMITEIT............................................................................................................................34
5.2.1 KLASSIEKE STUDIES............................................................................................................................34
5.2.2 REDENEN OM TE CONFORMEREN.........................................................................................................34
5.2.3 CONTEXTEN WAARIN MEN CONFORMEERT.............................................................................................35
5.2.4 MEERDERHEIDSINVLOED....................................................................................................................35
5.2.5 MINDERHEIDSINVLOED......................................................................................................................36
5.3 INWILLIGEN.................................................................................................................................37
5.3.1 REDENEN GEVEN: DE TAAL VAN HET VERZOEK.........................................................................................37
5.3.2 “STEL JE EENS VOOR”........................................................................................................................37
5.3.3 DE WEDERKERIGHEIDSNORM...............................................................................................................37
5.3.4 TWEESTAPPEN INSTEMMINGSTECHNIEKEN..............................................................................................38
5.3.5 ASSERTIVITEIT: WANNEER ZEGT MEN NEE..............................................................................................39
5.4 GEHOORZAAMHEID.......................................................................................................................40
6 ANDEREN HELPEN (LES 5 & 6)..............................................................................................................42
6.1 WAAROM HELPEN WE (NIET)?.........................................................................................................42
6.1.1 EVOLUTIONAIRE FACTOREN.................................................................................................................42
6.1.2 KOSTEN EN BATEN............................................................................................................................42
6.1.3 ALTRUÏSME OF EGOÏSME....................................................................................................................42
6.1.4 MOTIEVEN OM TE HELPEN..................................................................................................................43
6.2 IN WELKE OMSTANDIGHEDEN?.........................................................................................................43
6.2.1 BYSTANDER INTERVENTION MODEL......................................................................................................43
6.2.2 INVLOEDEN OP OMSTANDEREFFECT......................................................................................................44
6.3 WIE HELPT ANDEREN?...................................................................................................................45
, 2023-2024
6.4 INTERPERSOONLIJKE FACTOREN........................................................................................................46
6.4.1 AANTREKKELIJKHEID EN VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID...................................................................................46
7.1 ATTITUDES..................................................................................................................................47
7.1.1 DRIE COMPONENTEN: COGNITIE, AFFECT EN GEDRAG...............................................................................47
7.1.2 ATTITUDESTERKTE.............................................................................................................................48
7.1.3 EXPLICIETE EN IMPLICIETE ATTITUDES....................................................................................................48
7.1.4 VERBAND TUSSEN ATTITUDE EN GEDRAG...............................................................................................48
7.2 OVERREDING DOOR COMMUNICATIE.................................................................................................49
7.2.1 TWEE WEGEN VOOR OVERREDING (PG 209-210)...................................................................................49
7.2.2 DE CENTRALE WEG............................................................................................................................49
7.2.3 DE PERIFERE WEG.............................................................................................................................49
7.2.4 ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL......................................................................................................49
7.3 OVERTUIGING DOOR EIGEN GEDRAG.................................................................................................51
8.1 WAT IS DUURZAME GROEI..............................................................................................................53
8.1.1 ROL VAN PSYCHOLOGIE......................................................................................................................53
8.2 HOE DRAAGT ONS GEDRAG BIJ TOT KLIMAATCRISIS...............................................................................53
8.3 WAT BEPAALT KLIMAATVRIENDELIJK GEDRAG.......................................................................................53
8.3.1 RISICOPERCEPTIE EN PSCYHOLOGISCHE AFSTAND.....................................................................................54
8.3.2 ECO-ANXIETY...................................................................................................................................54
8.3.3 SOCIALE DILEMMA’S..........................................................................................................................54
8.3.4 MIDDELENDILEMMA: PUBLIEKGOEDDILEMMA:........................................................................................54
8.3.5 INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN: PRO SOCIALE ORIËNTATIE...............................................................................54
8.3.6 SOCIALE WAARDEN ORIËNTATIE............................................................................................................54
8.3.7 VERTROUWEN..................................................................................................................................54
9.1 AGRESSIE – KERNELEMENTEN..........................................................................................................55
9.2 CASUS 1: LEIDT BLOOTSTELLING AAN GEWELDDADIGE MEDIA TOT MEER AGRESSIE?......................................55
9.2.1 INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN MEDIA:.......................................................................................................55
9.2.2 HOE KOMT HET DAT DEZE EFFECTEN OPTREDEN? MEDIA..........................................................................56
9.2.3 HOE KOMT HET DAT DEZE EFFECTEN OPTREDEN? VIDEOGAMES..................................................................56
9.3 CASUS 2: INTRAFAMILIALE EN INTERGENERATIONELE AGRESSIE................................................................56
9.3.1 HOE VERKLAART MEN PARTNERGEWELD?..............................................................................................57
9.3.2 NEGATIEVE CYCLUS: INTERGENERATIONEEL GEWELD.................................................................................57
9.4 CASUS 3: RELATIE TUSSEN AGRESSIE EN KANSARMOEDE.........................................................................57
10.1 WAT ZIJN GROEPEN.....................................................................................................................58
10.1.1 TYPISCHE VOORBEELDEN..................................................................................................................58
10.2 WAAROM VORMEN WE GROEPEN...................................................................................................58
10.2.1 VOORBEELD MOTORBENDEN.............................................................................................................58
, 2023-2024
10.2.2 IDENTITEITSVORMING......................................................................................................................58
10.2.3 STRESSREDUCTIE.............................................................................................................................58
10.3 KENMERKEN VAN GROEPEN...........................................................................................................59
10.3.1 VOORBEELD STUDENTENVERENIGINGEN: ONTGROENINGSRITUELEN...........................................................59
10.4 LEIDERSCHAP VAN GROEPEN..........................................................................................................60
10.4.1 MACHT........................................................................................................................................60
10.4.2 LEIDERSCHAPSSTIJLEN......................................................................................................................60
10.4.3 DYNAMISCHE MODELLEN VAN LEIDERSCHAP.........................................................................................60
10.4.4 BESLISSING VAN DE LEIDER...............................................................................................................61
10.5 AANWEZIGHEID VAN ANDERE GROEPEN...........................................................................................61
10.5.1 IMPACT OP LEIDERSCHAP DOOR ANDERE GROEPEN................................................................................61
11 DE DIVERSE SAMENLEVING (LES 8)..................................................................................................62
11.1 DIVERSITEIT...............................................................................................................................62
11.1.1 PROBLEEM....................................................................................................................................62
11.1.2 HYPERSEGREGATIE..........................................................................................................................62
11.2 INTERETNISCH CONTACT...............................................................................................................62
11.2.1 CONTACTHYPOTHESE.......................................................................................................................63
11.2.2 SCHOOLDESEGREGATIE IN DE VS........................................................................................................63
11.2.3 LANGDURIG CONTACT EN VRIENDSCHAPPEN.........................................................................................63
11.2.4 COGNITIEVE EN AFFECTIEVE GEVOLGEN...............................................................................................64
11.2.5 DIVERSITEIT EN CONTACT.................................................................................................................64
11.3 PROBLEMEN MET INTERETNISCH CONTACT........................................................................................64
11.3.1 SPONTAAN OPZOEKEN.....................................................................................................................64
11.3.2 CONTACTERVARINGEN.....................................................................................................................65
11.3.3 SOLLICITATIESETTING.......................................................................................................................65
11.3.4 NA HET CONTACT...........................................................................................................................65
11.3.5 MULTICULTURALISME......................................................................................................................66
11.4 PUZZELKAS EN AFFIRMATIEVE ACTIE................................................................................................66
11.4.1 DE IDEALE SCHOOL.........................................................................................................................66
11.4.2 POSITIEVE ACTIE: HARDE EN ZACHTE MAATREGELEN...............................................................................66
11.4.3 AANVAARDING VAN POSITIEVE ACTIE..................................................................................................66
11.4.4 TEGENSTANDERS VAN POSITIEVE ACTIE................................................................................................66
11.4.5 PSYCHOLOGIE VAN VOORKEURSBEHANDELING (QUOTA’S)........................................................................66
11.5 EFFECTEN VAN GOEDBEDOELDE MAATREGELEN, MEDIA EN WETTEN & REGELS...........................................66
11.5.1 EDUCATIE......................................................................................................................................66
11.5.2 MEDIA.........................................................................................................................................67
11.5.3 WETTEN EN REGELS........................................................................................................................67
11.5.4 INVLOED VAN OMGEVING EN SOCIALE NORMEN....................................................................................67
11.6 THE EFFECT OF DIVERSITY ON SOCIETY: POLARIZATION, PREJUDICE, POLITICAL ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR
(BERFIN ACAR)..................................................................................................................................67
11.6.1 EFFECT OF DIVERSITY.......................................................................................................................67
11.6.2 PROJECT 1: DIVERSITY – POLARIZATION...............................................................................................67
11.6.3 PROJECT 2: DIVERSITY – PREJUDICE....................................................................................................68
11.7 CONCLUSION:............................................................................................................................68
12 DE POLITIEKE WERELD (LES 9).........................................................................................................69
12.1 POLITIEKE KENNIS EN ATTITUDES....................................................................................................69
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