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How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority civil rights?

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Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96 (PH10)

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PEARSON (PEARSON)

How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority civil rights? Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96? Pearson edexcel history comprehensive essay plan

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similarity
difference
civil rights
minority rights
usa
america
american dream
1917 96
a level
history
edexcek
essay
essay plan
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1f

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PEARSON (PEARSON)
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History 2015
Unit
Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96 (PH10)

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How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority
civil rights?

Intro:
 3 main minority groups: Native Americans, Hispanic Americans and Homosexuals
 Hispanic Americans seen as most similar (arguably as they were seeking the most similar changes from
government legislation)
 Campaigns had various purposes - not always on grounds of race - despite similarities, minority campaigns not
‘considerably similar’ to campaign for black civil rights

Hispanic Americans:
Similarities:
 Both dominated by pressure groups advocating for change (NAACP for black, LULAC for Hispanic)
o Both initially tried to combat discrimination through judicial system
 Brown v Board - impacts also extended to Hispanic Americans
 However, LULAC primarily litigated workplace discrimination
 Both used boycotts
o Grape boycott (AWOC & NFWA, Cesar Chaves) mirrored boycotts of black civil rights (e.g. 1955
Montgomery Bus Boycott)
o However, nature of boycott was very different
 Lasted much longer (5 years vs. 380 days)
 Grape strike conducted by NFWA & AWOC whereas Montgomery was conducted by black
bus-users in general
 Militancy
o Brown Berets set up 1967 in East LA – similar to Black Panthers (wore uniform, campaigned against
police brutality, led school walk-outs)
o Both campaigned against police brutality (Ten-Point Program called for an immediate end to police
brutality)
 Voter registration
o Hispanic: Jose Angel Gutierrez led 'La Raza Unida' party - encouraged Hispanic people to vote, provided
them with party candidates
o Black: 1964 Freedom Summer, SNCC pushed for voter registration - 17,000 black people registered to
vote

Direct relation to black civil rights movt.
 Reies Lopez Tijerina signed agreement with Black Power leaders to work together
o Although it can be argued this agreement is not evidence of similarity, it is more convincing to say that
working together indicated some level of similarity between the two campaigns
 Rodolfo Gonzales’ Crusade for Justice = version of Black Pride
Different Tactics:
 Although MLK used media, Hispanic Americans used entertainment on much larger scale to spread their message
(e.g. set up a theatre group to educate people about their rights and campaign)

Native Americans:
Similarities:
 American Indian Movement (AIM) slogan 'Red Power' - consciously adopting the direct action techniques of
'Black Power' (sit-ins, demonstrations, occupations, ‘Red Power’)
 Groups worked within the system: NCAI for Native Americans & NAACP for black americans
Differences:
- Large focus on land (not aim of AA movt.) due to forced relocation from Indian Removal Act of 1830

Gay Americans:
 Invisibility of homosexuals made their campaign very different
 Both felt most opposition from ‘Bible Belt’ where religious fundamentalism fueled hostility, therefore aspects of
protest were targeted to the South
Both used marches
 Gay Pride marches, 28th August 1970 - New York had about 10,000 marchers
 Gay Liberation Front - large peaceful protests
o However, marches used by majority of protest movements, therefore not strong enough link to provide
evidence of similarity

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