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Samenvatting Samenatting Neurologie

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Ontdek in deze samenvatting de essentie van neurologie, waar de complexe werking van het menselijk brein wordt ontrafeld. Verken de fundamenten van neuronen, synapsen en neurotransmitters en hoe zij aandoeningen veroorzaken, duik in de verschillende hersengebieden en begrijp hoe zij samenwerken om ...

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  • December 15, 2023
  • 52
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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NEUROLOGIE
Ergotherapie

Veel success met de examens ;)

,Inhoudsopgave
Neurologie..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Cerebro Vasculair Accident - CVA.................................................................................................................... 6
Beroerte of stroke.................................................................................................................................................6
Epidemiologie.......................................................................................................................................................6
Etiologie (oorzaak)................................................................................................................................................6
Pathofysiologie.....................................................................................................................................................7

Pathofysiologie – bloedvoorziening van de hersenen......................................................................................7
Cirkel van Willis.....................................................................................................................................................7
Klinisch beeld........................................................................................................................................................8
Klinisch beeld – a. cerebri anterior........................................................................................................................8
Klinisch beeld – a. cerebri media..........................................................................................................................8
Klinisch beeld – a. cerebri posterior......................................................................................................................9
Klinisch beeld – a. cerebri vertebralis & a. cerebri basilaris...............................................................................10
Syndroom van Wallenberg syndroom of dorsolaterale medulla syndroom...................................................10
a. Basilaris - Locked-in syndroom....................................................................................................................10

Diagnose...................................................................................................................................................... 11

Behandeling................................................................................................................................................. 11
1. Primaire preventie – risicofactoren!...............................................................................................................11
2. Organisatie van stroke services......................................................................................................................11
3. Management of acute stroke care..................................................................................................................11
4. Secundaire preventie - risicofactoren.............................................................................................................12
5. Revalidatie......................................................................................................................................................12
6. Evaluatie van outcomes & kwaliteit...............................................................................................................12
7. Life after stroke...............................................................................................................................................12

Craniocerebrale traumata Epidemiologie...................................................................................................... 12
Etiologie - pathofysiologie..................................................................................................................................12
Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................................12
Klinisch beeld - commotio cerebri (we spreken van een hersenschudding)..................................................12
Klinisch beeld - contusio cerebri (schade/ kneuzing hersenweefsel).............................................................12
Klinisch beeld - postcommotioneel syndroom (hersenschudding)................................................................13
Klinisch beeld - schedelfractuur......................................................................................................................13
Klinisch beeld - intracerebrale hematomen (bloeding in hersenen, als gevolg van een trauma)..................13
Klinisch beeld - subduraal hematoom............................................................................................................13
Klinisch beeld - acuut subduraal hematoom..................................................................................................13
Klinisch beeld - chronisch subduraal hematoom............................................................................................13
Klinisch beeld - epiduraal hematoom.............................................................................................................14
Posttraumatische epilepsie.............................................................................................................................14
Cerebellaire aandoeningen De anatomie (zie afbeeldingen).............................................................................14

, Functie Cerebellum.............................................................................................................................................14
Werking van het cerebellum...............................................................................................................................14
Symptomen van cerebellaire dysfunctie: algemeen...........................................................................................14

Cerebellaire aandoeningen.......................................................................................................................... 15
Ataxie van Friedreich...........................................................................................................................................15
Medulloblastoma................................................................................................................................................15
Astrocytoma........................................................................................................................................................15
Intoxicatie............................................................................................................................................................16

PowerPoint 2 Ziekte van Parkinson............................................................................................................... 16
Epidemiologie.....................................................................................................................................................16
Oorzaak Etiologie................................................................................................................................................16
Pathofysiologie ( de werking van de aandoening).............................................................................................16
Basale ganglia.....................................................................................................................................................16
Piramidebaan - Tractus corticospinalis...............................................................................................................16
Piramidebaan..................................................................................................................................................16
Anatomie van het ruggenmerg – witte stof........................................................................................................17
Neuron (zenuwcel)..............................................................................................................................................17
Synaps.............................................................................................................................................................17
Neurotransmitters...........................................................................................................................................17
Pathofysiologie parkinson...................................................................................................................................17
Klinisch beeld motore symptomen......................................................................................................................18
Tremor.............................................................................................................................................................18
Rigiditeit..........................................................................................................................................................18
Bradykinesie, hypokinesie of akinesie............................................................................................................18
Posturale instabiliteit......................................................................................................................................18
Klinisch beeld Niet-motorische verschijnselen....................................................................................................18
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................................18
Verloop ziekte van Parkinson..............................................................................................................................19
Verloop: Hoehn & Yahr stages........................................................................................................................19
Behandeling Ziekte van Parkinson......................................................................................................................19
1. Pharmacologie............................................................................................................................................19
2. Deep brain stimulation................................................................................................................................19
Revalidatie gericht op secundaire kenmerken................................................................................................20

Multiple sclerose......................................................................................................................................... 20
Epidemiologie.....................................................................................................................................................20
Etiologie (waarom begint de ziekte)...................................................................................................................20
Pathofysiologie...................................................................................................................................................20
Neuron (zenuwcel)..........................................................................................................................................21
Synaps.............................................................................................................................................................21
Myeline...........................................................................................................................................................21
Zenuwstelsel: witte stof en grijze stof.............................................................................................................21
Pathofysiologie...................................................................................................................................................21

, Verloop................................................................................................................................................................22
Eerste symptomen..........................................................................................................................................22
Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................................22
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................................23
Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................23

PP 3: Cerebral Palsy- Cerebrale Parese -CP.................................................................................................... 24
Wat?....................................................................................................................................................................24
Epidemiologie.....................................................................................................................................................25
Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................25
Pathofysiologie...................................................................................................................................................25
Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................................26
Classificatie......................................................................................................................................................26
Geassocieerde stoornissen.............................................................................................................................27
Verloop................................................................................................................................................................27
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................................27
Differentiaal diagnose.....................................................................................................................................28
Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................28
Behandeling gericht op...................................................................................................................................28
Medische interventies - Pharmacologie.........................................................................................................28
Medische interventies - Neurochirurgie.........................................................................................................28
Medische interventies – Orthopedische chirurgie.........................................................................................28
Multidisciplinaire revalidatie...........................................................................................................................29
Orthesen & hulpmiddelen..............................................................................................................................29

Spina Bifida & hydrocefalie.......................................................................................................................... 29
Wat?....................................................................................................................................................................29
Epidemiologie.....................................................................................................................................................29
Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................29
Pathofysiologie...................................................................................................................................................29
Spina bifida occulta.........................................................................................................................................29
Spina bifida aperta..........................................................................................................................................30
Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................................30
Neurologische stoornissen:.............................................................................................................................30
Geassocieerde stoornissen – Neurologische problemen...............................................................................31
Verloop................................................................................................................................................................31
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................................32
Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................32
Epidemiologie.....................................................................................................................................................32
Etiologie & pathofysiologie.................................................................................................................................32
Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................................32
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................................32
Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................33

Spinal cord ruggenmergaandoeningen......................................................................................................... 33

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