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Aantekeningen Leren en Geheugen 2023/2024 deeltentamen 2 - UvA, Psychobiologie
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  • Course
  • Leren en geheugen (5102LEGE9Y)
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
  • Book
  • Learning and Memory

In dit document vind je aantekeningen van alle colleges voor het tweede deeltentamen van Leren en Geheugen. Hier staat niks over het boek, maar met alleen de colleges haal je het tentamen ook wel! Succes!

Last document update: 11 months ago

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Document information

  • December 16, 2023
  • December 16, 2023
  • 87
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Murre/talamini/lucassen/pennartz/krugers/mejias
  • Deeltentamen 2

Subjects

  • leren
  • geheugen
  • hippocampus
  • neocortex
  • place cells
  • psychobiologie
  • alzheimer
  • conditionering
  • slaap
  • consolidatie
  • mtl
  • neurale netwerk
  • modellen
  • entorhinale cortex
  • orthogonalisatie
  • schema
  • rem
  • vergeten
  • sup
  • uva

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Written for

  • Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
  • Psychobiologie
  • Leren en geheugen (5102LEGE9Y)
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Hoorcollege 1: Episodisch en Semantisch geheugen (27-11, Murre) ...................................................... 5
Introductie ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Geschiedenis ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Episodisch geheugen ........................................................................................................................... 6
Mere exposure versus retrieval practice ......................................................................................... 8
Ebbinghaus’ vergeetcurve ............................................................................................................... 8
Permastore ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Geheugen illusies............................................................................................................................. 9
Semantisch geheugen.......................................................................................................................... 9
Vroege benaderingen van het semantisch geheugen ..................................................................... 9
Schemata ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Semantische dementie .................................................................................................................. 11
Hoorcollege 2: Werkgeheugen (29-11, Murre) ..................................................................................... 12
Sensorisch geheugen ......................................................................................................................... 12
Iconisch geheugen ......................................................................................................................... 12
Echoïsch geheugen ........................................................................................................................ 12
Korte termijngeheugen ..................................................................................................................... 13
Vergeten in Short Term Store: decay versus interferentie............................................................. 13
Onthouden in Short Term Store: primacy versus recency effect ................................................... 14
Werkgeheugen .................................................................................................................................. 15
Werkgeheugen volgens Baddeley en Hitch ................................................................................... 16
Verschillende modellen ................................................................................................................. 18
Werkgeheugen in de kliniek .......................................................................................................... 19
Hoorcollege 3: Hippocampus functie (01-12, Pennartz) ....................................................................... 20
Navigatie ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Path integration ................................................................................................................................. 20
Hippocampus ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Cognitieve map hypothese ............................................................................................................ 21
Grid cells in de entorhinale cortex................................................................................................. 23
Andere cellen in het navigatiesysteem .......................................................................................... 23
Wat codeert de hippocampus uiteindelijk? .................................................................................. 24
Bewijs voor place cellen in de humane hippocampus .................................................................. 26
Hippocampus en geheugen ........................................................................................................... 27
Take-home messages......................................................................................................................... 29

,Hoorcollege 4: Mediale Temporale Kwab Netwerken (04-12, Talamini) ............................................... 30
Computationele modellen................................................................................................................. 30
Geheugencodering in neurale netwerken ..................................................................................... 30
Geheugen retrieval in neurale netwerken..................................................................................... 31
Episodisch geheugen ..................................................................................................................... 31
Hippocampus ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Neocortico-hippocampale routes in primaten en knaagdieren .................................................... 32
Neurofysiologie van hippocampale en entorhinale neuronen...................................................... 33
Episodische binding & MTL geheugenmodel ................................................................................ 33
Level van detail in modellen .............................................................................................................. 36
Hippocampale fysiologie ............................................................................................................... 37
Functionele anatomie.................................................................................................................... 37
Orthogonalisatie in hippocampaal model ..................................................................................... 37
Hoorcollege 5: Consolidatiemechanismen (06-12, Krugers) ................................................................. 39
Introductie ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Hippocampale – neocorticale interactie tijdens consolidatie ........................................................... 39
Consolidatie ................................................................................................................................... 39
Tijdelijke rol van de hippocampus ................................................................................................. 40
Hippocampale – corticale shift ...................................................................................................... 41
Inbedding van informatie in “schema’s” ........................................................................................... 42
Consolidatie en reorganisatie ........................................................................................................ 42
Samenvatting ................................................................................................................................. 43
Reactivatie of replay van neurale vuurpatronen tijdens rust en slaap .............................................. 44
Hippocampale Local Field Potential .............................................................................................. 44
Two-stage model of memory trace formation (Buzsaki, 1989) ..................................................... 44
Two-stage model of memory ........................................................................................................ 46
Hoorcollege 6: Slaap (06-12, Talamini) .................................................................................................. 49
Slaap-waak stadia .............................................................................................................................. 49
Slaapregistratie .............................................................................................................................. 49
REM versus non-REM .................................................................................................................... 51
Waarom slapen we? .......................................................................................................................... 52
Functies van slaap.......................................................................................................................... 52
Unified theory of sleep (samenvatting) ......................................................................................... 53
Circadiane ritmiek.............................................................................................................................. 53
Suprachiasmatische nucleus (SCN) ................................................................................................ 54
Neurale mechanismen van slapen en waken .................................................................................... 56

, Neuromodulatoire systemen in de hersenstam ............................................................................ 56
Slaapregulatie ................................................................................................................................ 57
Hoorcollege 7: Humane consolidatie & reorganisatie (08-12, Talamini) ............................................... 58
Geheugenreorganisatie over de tijd .................................................................................................. 58
Vergeten ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Consolidatie ................................................................................................................................... 58
Interacties oude en nieuwe geheugensporen ............................................................................... 62
Een rol voor slaap in geheugenreorganisatie .................................................................................... 63
Eerdere bevindingen...................................................................................................................... 63
Recente paradigma’s ..................................................................................................................... 64
Bevordert slaap ‘system-level’ consolidatie? ................................................................................ 65
Neurale correlaten van slaap-gerelateerde geheugenreactivatie ................................................. 66
Geheugenmanipulatie tijdens slaap .............................................................................................. 67
Hoorcollege 8: Neurale Netwerk Modellen (11-12, Mejias) ................................................................. 68
Modellen van leren en geheugen ...................................................................................................... 68
Unsupervised learning ................................................................................................................... 68
Supervised learning ....................................................................................................................... 72
Reinforcement learning ................................................................................................................. 75
Hoorcollege 9: Alzheimer (14-12, Lucassen) ......................................................................................... 78
Achtergrond ....................................................................................................................................... 78
Klinisch beeld en diagnose ................................................................................................................ 79
Klinisch beeld................................................................................................................................. 79
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 79
Neuropathologie................................................................................................................................ 81
Plaques en tangles ......................................................................................................................... 81
Neuropathologische stadia van Alzheimer .................................................................................... 82
Genetische en risicofactoren ......................................................................................................... 83
Genetische factoren ...................................................................................................................... 83
Hypotheses AD etiologie; nieuwe ontwikkelingen ............................................................................ 84
Beta-amyloid; onderdeel van plaques ........................................................................................... 84
Tau en tangles ................................................................................................................................ 84
APOE4 en leeftijd ........................................................................................................................... 85
Metabolisme.................................................................................................................................. 85
Therapie ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Risicofactoren (preventie) ............................................................................................................. 86
Diermodellen en nieuwe ontwikkelingen.......................................................................................... 86

, Immuuntherapie ............................................................................................................................ 86

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